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PRELIMINARY
DS3 UNI FOR ATM
XRT7245
REV. 1.03
219
Note:
one of the reasons that the AMI Line Code has been
chosen for driving copper medium, isolated via transform-
ers, is that this line code has no dc component; thereby
eliminating dc distortion in the line.
7.1.2.1.2.2
The Transmit DS3 Framer and the associated LIU
embed and combine the data and clocking informa-
tion into the line signal that is transmitted to the
“far-end” equipment. The “far-end” equipment has
the task of recovering this data and timing informa-
tion from the incoming DS3 data stream. Most clock
and data recovery schemes rely on the use of
Phase-Locked-Loop technology. One of the problems
of using Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) technology for
clock recovery is that it relies on transitions in the line
signal, in order to maintain lock with the incoming
DS3 data-stream. Therefore, these clock recovery
scheme, are vulnerable to the occurrence of a long
stream of consecutive zeros (e.g., no transitions in
the line). This scenario can cause the PLL to lose
“l(fā)ock” with the incoming DS3 data, thereby causing
the “clock” and data recovery process of the receiver
to fail. Therefore, some approach is needed to insure
B3ZS Decoding
that such a long string of consecutive zeros can never
happen. One such technique is B3ZS (or Bipolar 3
Zero Substitution) encoding.
In general the B3ZS line code behaves just like AMI;
with the exception of the case when a long string of
consecutive zeros occurs on the line. Any 3 consecu-
tive zeros will be replaced with either a “00V” or a
“B0V” where “B” refers to a Bipolar pulse (e.g., a
pulse with a polarity that is compliant with the AMI
coding rule). And “V” refers to a Bipolar Violation pulse
(e.g., a pulse with a polarity that violates the alternating
polarity scheme of AMI.) The decision between insert-
ing an “00V” or a “B0V” is made to insure that an odd
number of Bipolar (B) pulses exist between any two
Bipolar Violation (V) pulses. The Receive DS3 Framer,
when operating with the B3ZS Line Code is responsi-
ble for decoding the B3ZS-encoded data back into a
unipolar (binary-format). For instance, if the Receive
DS3 Framer detects a “00V” or a “B0V” pattern in the
incoming pattern, the Receive DS3 Framer will replace
it with three consecutive zeros. Figure 65 presents a
timing diagram that illustrates examples of B3ZS
decoding.
F
IGURE
64. I
LLUSTRATION
OF
AMI L
INE
C
ODE
Data
RxPOS
RxNEG
Line Signal
1 0
1 1
0 0
0
1
0
1 1
1
0
1
0 1
0
0 1
1 0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
F
IGURE
65. I
LLUSTRATION
OF
TWO
EXAMPLES
OF
B3ZS D
ECODING
Data
RxPOS
RxNEG
0 0 V
Line Signal
B 0 V
1 0
1 1
0 0
0
1
0
1 1
1
0
1
0 1
0
0 1
1
1 0
1
1
1
0
0 1