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參數(shù)資料
| 型號(hào)： | DSP16410 |
| 元件分類： | 數(shù)字信號(hào)處理 |
| 英文描述： | 16-bit fixed point DSP with Flash |
| 中文描述： | 具有閃存的 16 位定點(diǎn) DSP |
| 文件頁(yè)數(shù)： | 75/373頁(yè) |
| 文件大?。?/td> | 5643K |
| 代理商： | DSP16410 |
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Data Sheet
June 2001
DSP16410B Digital Signal Processor
Agere Systems Inc.
Agere Systems—Proprietary
Use pursuant to Company instructions
19
4 Hardware Architecture
(continued)
4.2 DSP16000 Core Architectural Overview
The DSP16410B contains two identical DSP16000
cores. As shown in
Figure 2 on page 21
, each core
consists of four major blocks: system control and cache
(SYS), data arithmetic unit (DAU), Y-memory space
address arithmetic unit (YAAU), and X-memory space
address arithmetic unit (XAAU). Bits within the
auc0
and
auc1
registers configure the DAU mode-controlled
operations. See the DSP16000 Digital Signal Proces-
sor Core nformation Manual for a complete description
of the DSP16000 core.
4.2.1 System Control and Cache (SYS)
This section consists of the control block and the
cache.
The control block provides overall system coordination
that is mostly invisible to the user. The control block
includes an instruction decoder and sequencer, a
pseudorandom sequence generator (PSG), an inter-
rupt and trap handler, a wait-state generator, and low-
power standby mode control logic. An interrupt and trap
handler provides a user-locatable vector table and
three levels of user-assigned interrupt priority.
SYS contains the
alf
register, which is a 16-bit register
that contains AWAIT, a power-saving standby mode
bit, and peripheral flags. The
inc0
and
inc1
registers
are 20-bit interrupt control registers, and
ins
is a 20-bit
interrupt status register.
Programs use the instruction cache to store and exe-
cute repetitive operations such as those found in an
FIR or IIR filter section. The cache can contain up to 31
16-bit and 32-bit instructions. The code in the cache
can repeat up to 2
16
– 1 times without looping over-
head. Operations in the cache that require a coefficient
access execute at twice the normal rate because the
XAAU and its associated bus are not needed for fetch-
ing instructions. The cache greatly reduces the need
for writing in-line repetitive code and, therefore,
reduces instruction/coefficient memory size require-
ments. In addition, the use of cache reduces power
consumption because it eliminates memory accesses
for instruction fetches.
The cache provides a convenient, low-overhead loop-
ing structure that is interruptible, savable, and restor-
able. The cache is addressable in both the X and Y
memory spaces. An interrupt or trap handling routine
can save and restore
cloop
,
cstate
,
csave
, and the
contents of the cache. The
cloop
register controls the
cache loop count. The
cstate
register contains the cur-
rent state of the cache. The 32-bit
csave
register holds
the opcode of the instruction following the loop instruc-
tion in program memory.
4.2.2 Data Arithmetic Unit (DAU)
The DAU is a power-efficient, dual-MAC (multiply/accu-
mulate) parallel-pipelined structure that is tailored to
communications applications. It can perform two dou-
ble-word (32-bit) fetches, two multiplications, and two
accumulations in a single instruction cycle. The dual-
MAC parallel pipeline begins with two 32-bit registers,
x
and
y
. The pipeline treats the 32-bit registers as four
16-bit signed registers if used as input to two signed
16-bit x 16-bit multipliers. Each multiplier produces a
full 32-bit result stored into registers
p0
and
p1
. The
DAU can direct the output of each multiplier to a 40-bit
ALU or a 40-bit 3-input ADDER. The ALU and ADDER
results are each stored in one of eight 40-bit accumula-
tors,
a0
through
a7
. Both the ALU and ADDER include
an ACS (add/compare/select) function for Viterbi
decoding. The DAU can direct the output of each accu-
mulator to the ALU/ACS, the ADDER/ACS, or a 40-bit
BMU (bit manipulation unit).
The ALU implements 2-input addition, subtraction, and
various logical operations. The ADDER implements
2-input or 3-input addition and subtraction. To support
Viterbi decoding, the ALU and ADDER have a split
mode in which two simultaneous 16-bit additions or
subtractions are performed. This mode, available in
specialized dual-MAC instructions, is used to compute
the distance between a received symbol and its esti-
mate.
The ACS
provides the add/compare/select function
required for Viterbi decoding. This unit provides flags to
the traceback encoder for implementing mode-con-
trolled side-effects for ACS operations. The source
operands for the ACS are any two accumulators, and
results are written back to one of the source accumula-
tors.
The BMU implements barrel-shift, bit-field insertion, bit-
field extraction, exponent extraction, normalization, and
accumulator shuffling operations.
ar0
through
ar3
are
auxiliary registers whose main function is to control
BMU operations.
The user can enable overflow saturation to affect the
multiplier output and the results of the three arithmetic
units. Overflow saturation can also affect an accumula-
tor value as it is transferred to memory or other
register. These features accommodate various speech
coding standards such as GSM-FR, GSM-HR, and
GSM-EFR. Shifting in the arithmetic pipeline occurs at
several stages to accommodate various standards for
mixed- and double-precision multiplications.
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