![](http://datasheet.mmic.net.cn/Exar-Corporation/XRT79L71IB-F_datasheet_100145/XRT79L71IB-F_355.png)
PRELIMINARY
XRT79L71
340
REV. P2.0.0
1-CHANNEL DS3/E3 CLEAR-CHANNEL FRAMERLIU COMBO - CC/HDLC ARCHITECTURE
Figure 158 also indicates that the initial position of the "FIFO_READ" pointer is at the "6 o'clock" position.
Further, Figure 158 indicates that during the very next "Out_CLK" period the "FIFO_READ" pointer will have
moved (in a clockwise direction) to the position labeled "FIFO_READ pointer at Out_CLK period k + 1".
If the FIFO Depth is configured to be 16 bits, then in 16 Out_CLK cycles, after power-up or reset, the
"FIFO_READ" pointer will have revolved around the circular buffer and have incremented its position right back
to the "6 o'clock" position) as is shown in Figure 158. Similarly, if the FIFO depth is configured to be 32 bits,
then in 32 Out_CLK cycles, after power-up or reset, the FIFO_READ pointer will have revolved around the
circular buffer and will have incremented its location back to its initial (e.g., "6 o'clock") position.
Recall that the "Out_CLK" (smoothed) output clock signal is derived from a PLL that has a very narrow
bandwidth.
Therefore, the Jitter Attenuator PLL will not be very responsive to instantaneous phase or
frequency deviations that occur within the "In_CLK" (jittery) input clock signal. As the Jitter Attenuator PLL
experiences large phase variations (via the In_CLK input pin) it will typically not pass along these large phase
changes and variations to the Out_CLK output signal. This phenomenon will result in some modulation in the
distance between the "FIFO_WRITE" and "FIFO_READ" pointers. If the modulation in the distance (between
the "FIFO_WRITE" and "FIFO_READ" pointers) is such that the distance between these two pointers
approach 0 bits, then bit-errors will occur. This modulation in the distance between the FIFO_WRITE and
FIFO_READ pointers and its effect on the integrity of the data is described in some detail below.
The FIFO Under-run Condition
If the jitter within the "In_CLK" input clock signal is such that, for a very short period of time, the instantaneous
frequency of "In_CLK" deviates, in the negative direction, (e.g., exhibits a lower frequency from that of the
"Out_CLK" output clock signal) then the following events will happen.
The Jitter Attenuator PLL will continue to generate the "Out_CLK" output clock signal at virtually a constant
rate (e.g., with very little change in frequency). As a consequence, the FIFO_READ pointer will continue to
increment and revolve about the circular buffer at largely a fixed rate.
Because the In_CLK input clock signal is, for a very short period, of a lower frequency, the FIFO_WRITE
pointer will now be incremented, around the circular buffer, at a lower rate than that of the "FIFO_READ"
pointer.
If the above-mentioned condition were to exist long enough, the "FIFO_READ" pointer will eventually revolve
around the circular buffer, and "catch-up" with the "FIFO_WRITE" pointer. If this happens, then a "FIFO Under-
run condition" will be said to have occurred. In a "FIFO Under-run Condition", all new data that has been
written into the Jitter Attenuator FIFO has been read out and depleted. At this point, the Jitter Attenuator block
is now reading out data which has already been read out, at least once. This phenomenon will cause the
XRT79L71 to transmit erroneous data to the remote terminal equipment.
The FIFO Overflow Condition
If the jitter within the "In_CLK" input clock signal is such that, for a very short period of time, the instantaneous
frequency of "In_CLK" deviates, in the positive direction, (e.g., exhibits a much higher frequency from that of
the "Out_CLK" output clock signal) then the following events will happen.
The Jitter Attenuator PLL will continue to generate the "Out_CLK" at virtually a constant rate (e.g., with very
little change in frequency). As a consequence, the FIFO_READ pointer will continue to increment and
revolve about the circular buffer at largely a fixed rate.
Because the "In_CLK" input clock signal is, for a very short period, of a higher frequency, the FIFO_WRITE
pointer will now be incremented, around the circular buffer, at a higher rate than that of the "FIFO_READ"
pointer.
If the above-mentioned condition were to exist long enough, the "FIFO_WRITE" pointer will eventually revolve
around the circular buffer, and "catch-up" with the "FIFO_READ" pointer. If this happens, then an "Overflow
condition" will be said to have occurred. In an "Overflow condition", new data has been written into locations
within the Jitter Attenuator FIFO and overwriting data that the XRT79L71 has yet had an opportunity to read it
out. This phenomenon will cause the XRT79L71 to drop or lose data.