Advance Data Sheet, Rev. 2
April 1999
TLIU04C1 Quad T1/E1 Line Interface
43
Lucent Technologies Inc.
Microprocessor Mode
(continued)
Line Encoding/Decoding
Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)
The default line code used for T1 is alternate mark inversion (AMI). The coding scheme represents a 1 with a pulse
or mark on the positive or negative rail and a 0 with no pulse on either rails. This scheme is shown in Table 18.
Table 18. AMI Encoding
The T1 ones density rule requires that in every 24 bits of information to be transmitted, there must be at least three
pulses, and no more than 15 zeros may be transmitted consecutively.
AT&T Technical Reference 62411 for digital transmissions requires that in every 8 bits of information, at least one
pulse must be present.
T1-Binary 8 Zero Code Suppression (B8ZS)
Clear channel transmission can be accomplished using binary 8 zero code suppression (B8ZS). Eight consecutive
zeros are replaced with the B8ZS code. This code consists of two bipolar violations in bit positions 4 and 7 and
valid bipolar marks in bit positions 5 and 8. The receiving end recognizes this code and replaces it with the original
string of eight zeros. Table 19 shows the encoding of a string of zeros using B8ZS. B8ZS is recommended when
ESF format is used.
Table 19. DS1 B8ZS Encoding
High-Density Bipolar of Order 3 (HDB3)
The line code used for CEPT is described in ITU Rec. G.703 Section 6.1 as high-density bipolar of order 3 (HDB3).
HDB3 uses a substitution code that acts on strings of four zeros. The substitute HDB3 codes are 000V and B00V,
where V represents a violation of the bipolar rule and B represents as inserted pulse conforming to the AMI rule
defined in ITU Rec. G.701, item 9004. The choice of the B00V or 000V is made so that the number of B pulses
between consecutive V pulses is odd. In other words, successive V pulses are of alternate polarity so that no direct
current (dc) component is introduced. The substitute codes follow each other if the string of zeros continues. The
choice of the first substitute code is arbitrary. A line code error is defined as a bipolar violation and consists of two
pulses of the same polarity that is not defined as one of the two substitute codes. Coding violations are indicated as
bipolar violations. An example is shown in Table 20.
Table 20. ITU HDB3 Coding and DCPAT Binary Coding
Input Bit Stream
AMI Data
1011
–0+–
0000
0000
0111
0+–+
1010
–0+0
Bit Positions
Before B8ZS
After B8ZS
1
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
V
5
0
B
6
0
0
7
0
V
8
0
B
—
1
B
—
0
0
—
1
B
1
0
0
2
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
V
5
0
B
6
0
0
7
0
V
8
0
B
Input Bit Stream
HDB3-Coded Data
HDB3-Coded Levels
1011
1011
–0+–
0000
000V
000–
01
01
0+
0000
000V
000+
0000
B00V
–00–
0000
B00V
+00+
0000
B00V
–00–