參數(shù)資料
型號(hào)： PIC16CR7X
廠商： Microchip Technology Inc.
英文描述： 28/40-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS ROM Microcontrollers
中文描述： 28/40-Pin，8位微控制器的CMOS光盤
文件頁(yè)數(shù)： 107/172頁(yè)
文件大小： 1506K
代理商： PIC16CR7X
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2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21993C-page 105
PIC16CR7X
13.0
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
The PIC16 instruction set is highly orthogonal and is
comprised of three basic categories:
Byte-oriented
operations
Bit-oriented
operations
Literal and control
operations
Each PIC16 instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an
opcode,
which specifies the instruction type and one or
more
operands,
which further specify the operation of
the instruction. The formats for each of the categories
are presented in Figure 13-1, while the various opcode
fields are summarized in Table 13-1.
Table 13-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASM
TM
Assembler. A complete description of each
instruction is also available in the “
PIC
Mid-Range
MCU Family Reference Manual
” (DS33023).
For
byte-oriented
instructions, ‘f’ represents a file
register designator and ‘d’ represents a destination
designator. The file register designator specifies which
file register is to be used by the instruction.
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is
placed in the W register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.
For
bit-oriented
instructions, ‘b’ represents a bit field
designator, which selects the bit affected by the opera-
tion, while ‘f’ represents the address of the file in which
the bit is located.
For
literal and control
operations, ‘k’ represents an
eight- or eleven-bit constant or literal value.
One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods;
for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, this gives a normal
instruction execution time of 1
μ
s. All instructions are
executed within a single instruction cycle, unless a
conditional test is true, or the program counter is
changed as a result of an instruction. When this occurs,
the execution takes two instruction cycles, with the
second cycle executed as a
NOP
.
All instruction examples use the format ‘
0xhh
’ to
represent a hexadecimal number, where ‘
h
’ signifies a
hexadecimal digit.
13.1
Read-Modify-Write operations
Any instruction that specifies a file register as part of
the instruction performs a Read-Modify-Write (R-M-W)
operation. The register is read, the data is modified,
and the result is stored according to either the instruc-
tion, or the destination designator ‘d’. A read operation
is performed on a register even if the instruction writes
to that register.
For example, a “
CLRF PORTB
” instruction will read
PORTB, clear all the data bits, then write the result
back to PORTB. This example would have the unin-
tended result that the condition that sets the RBIF flag
would be cleared for pins configured as inputs and
using the PORTB interrupt-on-change feature.
TABLE 13-1:
OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS
FIGURE 13-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR
INSTRUCTIONS
Note:
To maintain upward compatibility with
future PIC16CR7X products, do not use
the
OPTION
and
TRIS
instructions.
Field
Description
f
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
Working register (accumulator)
Bit address within an 8-bit file register
Literal field, constant data or label
Don’t care location (=
0
or
1
).
The assembler will generate code with x =
0
.
It is the recommended form of use for
compatibility with all Microchip software tools.
Destination select; d =
0
: store result in W,
d =
1
: store result in file register f.
Default is d =
1.
Program Counter
Time-out bit
Power-down bit
W
b
k
x
d
PC
TO
PD
Byte-oriented file register operations
13 8 7 6 0
OPCODE d f (FILE #)
d =
0
for destination W
d =
1
for destination f
f = 7-bit file register address
Bit-oriented file register operations
13 10 9 7 6 0
OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address
Literal and control operations
13 8 7 0
OPCODE k (literal)
k = 8-bit immediate value
13 11 10 0
OPCODE k (literal)
k = 11-bit immediate value
General
CALL
and
GOTO
instructions only
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