E
AP-523
3
CONTENTS
PAGE
PAGE
1.0. INTRODUCTION ...............................................5
1.1. Terminology....................................................5
1.2. References.....................................................5
2.0. TYPICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION..................5
3.0. PENTIUM PRO PROCESSOR POWER
REQUIREMENTS..............................................6
3.1. Voltage Tolerance ..........................................7
3.2. Multiple Voltages ............................................8
3.3. Voltage Sequencing .......................................9
4.0. MEETING THE PENTIUM PRO
PROCESSOR POWER REQUIREMENTS ....14
4.1. Voltage Budgeting ........................................14
4.2. Supplying Power...........................................15
4.3. Decoupling Technologies and Transient
Response.....................................................17
4.4. Power Planes or Islands...............................22
5.0. THE GTL+ BUS POWER REQUIREMENTS..23
5.1. Tolerance......................................................24
5.2. Reference Voltage........................................24
6.0. MEETING THE GTL+ POWER
REQUIREMENTS............................................24
6.1. Generating VTT............................................24
6.2. Distributing VTT............................................24
6.3. Generating and Distributing VREF...............25
7.0. RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................26
7.1. VCCS............................................................26
7.2. VCCP............................................................26
7.3. VTT...............................................................27
7.4. VREF............................................................27
7.5. Component models ......................................28
8.0. MEASURING TRANSIENTS...........................29
9.0. EXISTING TECHNOLOGY FOR A
PENTIUM
a
PRO PROCESSOR SYSTEM
DESIGN ...........................................................29
9.1. Solutions for VCCP ......................................29
9.2. Linear Regulators for VTT............................29
9.3. Termination Resistors...................................29
10.0. DC-TO-DC CONVERTER SPECIFICATIONS29
10.1. Electrical Specifications..............................29
10.2. Mechanical Requirements..........................32
10.3. Tests and Standards ..................................36
11.0 Pentium Pro Processor Power
Distribution Network Modeling.....................38
11.1. Using the Power Distribution Model ...........38
11.2. Power Distribution Model............................39
FIGURES
Figure 1. Ideal CPU Power Supply Scheme ........5
Figure 2. Physical Power Distribution...................6
Figure 3. A Detailed Power Distribution Model.....6
Figure 4. Transient Types.....................................7
Figure 5. Multiple Voltage Die...............................8
Figure 6. Power Pins of the Pentium
ò
Pro
Processor Package - Top View
(Through the Package) .........................9
Figure 7. Voltage Sequencing Example.............10
Figure 8. Tolerant ESD Diodes...........................11
Figure 9. GTL+ ESD Diodes...............................11
Figure 10. Timing Diagram of Compatibility Pins12
Figure 11. Schematic of Pin Sharing..................13
Figure 12. System Design Model .......................15
Figure 13. Remote Sense...................................15
Figure 14. Location of Capacitance in a Power
Model with a DC-to-DC Converter......17
Figure 15. Effect of Transients on a Power
Supply .................................................18
Figure 16. ESR Cylindrical Capacitor.................19
Figure 17. A Capacitor Model.............................19
Figure 18. ESR required for various current
demands..............................................19
Figure 19. Capacitance Required vs. ESR at
8.5A, 60 mV
D
V and 30
m
s
D
t...............20
Figure 20. A Pentium Pro Processor Voltage
Island...................................................22