參數(shù)資料
型號(hào): 21928
英文描述: Low-Frequency, Spread-Spectrum EconOscillator
中文描述: 的AMD - K6 - 2E處理器數(shù)據(jù)手冊(cè)3DNow!?技術(shù)手冊(cè)
文件頁數(shù): 71/72頁
文件大小: 845K
代理商: 21928
Chapter 3
Division and Square Root
61
21928G/0—March 2000
3DNow! Technology Manual
Square Root
The 3DNow! instructions can also be used to compute a
reciprocal square root or square root with high performance.
The general Newton-Raphson reciprocal square root recurrence
is as follows:
Z
i +1
1
/2 Z
i
(3 – b Z
i
2
)
To reduce the number of iterations, the initial approximation is
read from a table. The 3DNow! reciprocal square root
approximation is accurate to at least 15 bits. Accordingly, to
obtain a single-precision 24-bit reciprocal square root of an
input operand b, one Newton-Raphson iteration is required
using the following 3DNow! instructions:
1. X
0
= PFRSQRT(b)
2. X
1
= PFMUL(X
0
, X
0
)
3. X
2
= PFRSQIT1(b, X
1
)
4. X
3
= PFRCPIT2(X
2
, X
0
)
5. X
4
= PFMUL(b, X
3
)
The 24-bit final reciprocal square root value is X
3
. In the AMD
implementation, the estimate contains the correct
round-to-nearest value for approximately 87% of all arguments.
The remaining arguments differ from the correct
round-to-nearest value by 1 ulp. The square root (X
4
) is formed
in the last step by multiplying by the input operand b.
Square Root Examples
These examples illustrate the use of 3DNow! technology to
perform square roots.
(15-Bit Precision)
MOVD
PFRSQRT
PUNPCKLDQ MM0, MM0
PFMUL
MM0, [mem]
MM1, MM0
;
; 1/(sqrt a) | 1/(sqrt a) (approx.)
;
a | a
;
(sqrt a) | (sqrt a)
0 | a
(MMX instr.)
MM0, MM1
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