參數(shù)資料
型號(hào): M69030
元件分類: 圖形處理器
英文描述: GRAPHICS PROCESSOR, PBGA278
文件頁(yè)數(shù): 277/387頁(yè)
文件大?。?/td> 2678K
代理商: M69030
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B-8
Clock Generation
`efmp69030 Databook
Revision 1.3 11/24/99
STN-DD Panel Buffering
STN-DD panels require the upper and lower halves of the panel to be refreshed simultaneously. In addition,
Temporal Modulated Energy Distribution (TMED) or Frame Rate Control (FRC) is needed to achieve more
than 8 colors, since the panel itself supports only 3 bits per pixel (one bit each for red, green, and blue). The
69030 graphics accelerator implements STN-DD support using either a full frame buffer or a half frame
buffer (programmable option). The buffer holds three bits per pixel, packed in groups of 10 pixels per
DWORD. Thus, the buffer requires 0.4 bytes per pixel in addition to the main display memory.
The half frame buffer operates as follows. As each pixel is read out of display memory, the appropriate 3-
bit code for the panel is calculated and sent to the panel. In addition, the proper 3-bit code for the same
pixel in the NEXT frame is also calculated, with allowance for frame rate control. The second 3-bit code is
written into the half frame buffer. During this same pixel time, the previously stored 3-bit code is read out
of the half frame buffer and sent to the other half of the panel.
The full frame buffer operates in a similar manner. As each two pixels are read out of display memory, the
appropriate 3-bit codes for the panel are calculated and stored in the buffer. During the same two pixel
times, previously stored 3-bit codes are read out of the buffer and sent to upper and lower halves of the
panel.
There is no difference between a half frame buffer and a full frame buffer in the effect on display memory
bandwidth. Both options require 0.4 bytes per pixel to be read and written during each pixel time. If the
buffer is located in main display memory, the total effect is 0.8 extra bytes of memory access per pixel
(regardless of pixel depth). In 16 bpp modes, a total of 2.8 bytes of memory access must be performed per
pixel – 2 bytes for the 16 original pixel bits, plus 0.8 byte for the buffer bits. The graphics controller actually
reads and writes one DWORD in the buffer for every 10 pixels, which is the same as 0.8 bytes per pixel.
For mode support calculations, it is usually best to assume 1.0 byte per pixel instead of 0.8, since the RAS
overhead for STN-DD buffer accesses is somewhat higher than for normal pixel accesses due to shorter
DRAM bursts.
The half frame buffer has a timing characteristic for the panel that may be either a problem or an advantage,
depending on the application. The panel is refreshed at twice the pixel rate imposed on the display memory.
In simultaneous CRT and panel mode, this means that the pixel rate is dictated by the CRT requirements,
and the panel is refreshed at twice that rate. This may exceed panel timing limitations. However, in panel-
only mode, the pixel rate from display memory can be reduced to half of what a CRT would need, which
imposes half the burden on display memory bandwidth and allows more complex video modes to be
supported by the available display memory bandwidth.
The full frame buffer allows the panel refresh rate to be the same as the CRT in simultaneous display mode,
but requires the buffer size to be twice as large (full frame instead of half frame, though only 0.4 bytes per
pixel).
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相關(guān)代理商/技術(shù)參數(shù)
參數(shù)描述
M69032 制造商:MITSUBISHI 制造商全稱:Mitsubishi Electric Semiconductor 功能描述:
M690SDM 制造商:IDT 制造商全稱:Integrated Device Technology 功能描述:SIGE SINGLE FREQUENCY VCSO
M690SDM-R01 功能描述:時(shí)鐘合成器/抖動(dòng)清除器 VCSO RoHS:否 制造商:Skyworks Solutions, Inc. 輸出端數(shù)量: 輸出電平: 最大輸出頻率: 輸入電平: 最大輸入頻率:6.1 GHz 電源電壓-最大:3.3 V 電源電壓-最小:2.7 V 封裝 / 箱體:TSSOP-28 封裝:Reel
M690SDM-R02 功能描述:時(shí)鐘合成器/抖動(dòng)清除器 VCSO RoHS:否 制造商:Skyworks Solutions, Inc. 輸出端數(shù)量: 輸出電平: 最大輸出頻率: 輸入電平: 最大輸入頻率:6.1 GHz 電源電壓-最大:3.3 V 電源電壓-最小:2.7 V 封裝 / 箱體:TSSOP-28 封裝:Reel
M690SDM-R03 功能描述:時(shí)鐘合成器/抖動(dòng)清除器 RoHS:否 制造商:Skyworks Solutions, Inc. 輸出端數(shù)量: 輸出電平: 最大輸出頻率: 輸入電平: 最大輸入頻率:6.1 GHz 電源電壓-最大:3.3 V 電源電壓-最小:2.7 V 封裝 / 箱體:TSSOP-28 封裝:Reel