M44C890
M44C090
Rev.A4, 14-Dec-01
16 (63)
The clock module generates two output clocks. One is the
system clock (SYSCL) and the other the periphery
(SUBCL). The SYSCL can supply the core and the
peripherals and the SUBCL can supply only the
peripherals with clocks. The modes for clock sources are
programmable with the OS1-bit and OS0-bit in the SC-
register and the CCS-bit in the CM-register.
2.5.2
Oscillator Circuits and External
Clock Input Stage
The M44C090 / M44C890 series consists of four different
internal oscillators: two RC-oscillators, one 4-MHz crys-
tal oscillator, one 32-kHz crystal oscillator and one
external clock input stage.
RC-Oscillator 1 Fully Integrated
For timing insensitive applications, it is possible to use
the fully integrated RC oscillator 1. It operates without
any external components and saves additional costs. The
RC
–
oscillator 1 center frequency tolerance is better than
±
50% over the full temperature and voltage range. The
basic center frequency of the RC-oscillator 1 is
f
O
3.8 MHz The RC oscillator 1 is selected by default
after power
–
on reset.
RC
oscillator 1
RcOut1
Stop
Control
RcOut1
Osc
–
Stop
13758
Figure 15. RC-oscillator 1
External Input Clock
The OSC1 can be driven by an external clock source
provided it meets the specified duty cycle, rise and fall
times and input levels. Additionally the external clock
stage contains a supervisory circuit for the input clock.
The supervisor function is controlled via the OS1,
OS0-bit in the SC
–
register and the CCS
–
bit in the CM-
register. If the external input clock fails and CCS = 0 is set
in the CM-register, the supervisory circuit generates a
hardware reset. The input clock has failed if the frequency
is less than 500 kHz for more than 1 ms.
Ext. input clock
ExOut
Stop
Ext.
Clock
RcOut1
Osc
–
Stop
13759
ExIn
CCS
Res
OSC1
OSC2
Clock monitor
Figure 16. External input clock
OS1
OS0
CCS
Supervisor Reset Output
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RC-Oscillator 2 with External Trimming
Resistor
The RC-oscillator 2 is a high resolution trimmable
oscillator whereby the oscillator frequency can be
trimmed with an external resistor between OSC1 and
V
DD
. In this configuration, the RC-oscillator 2 frequency
can be maintained stable to within a tolerance of
±
10%
over the full operating temperature and, voltage range
from V
DD
= 2.5 V to 6V.
For example: An output frequency at the RC-oscillator 2
of 2 MHz, can be obtained by connecting a resistor
R
ext
= 360 k
(see figure 17).
RC
oscillator 2
RcOut2
Stop
RcOut2
Osc
–
Stop
13760
RTrim
OSC1
OSC2
Rext
VDD
Figure 17. RC-oscillator 2
4-MHz Oscillator
The M44C090 / M44C890 4-MHz oscillator options need
a crystal or ceramic resonator connected to the OSC1 and
OSC2 pins to establish oscillation. All the necessary
oscillator circuitry, with the exception of the actual
crystal, resonator, C3 and C4 are integrated on-chip.