
MD400184/A
17
84221
2.7 DESCRAMBLER
2.7.1 100 Mbps
The 84221 descrambler takes the scrambled data from the
data recovery block, descrambles it per the IEEE 802.3
specifications, aligns the data on the correct 5B word
boundaries, and sends it  to the 4B5B decoder.
The algorithm for synchronization of the descrambler is
the same as the algorithm outlined in the IEEE 802.3
specification.  Once the descrambler is synchronized, it
will maintain synchronization as long as enough
descrambled idle pattern 1’s are detected within a given
interval.  To stay in synchronization, the descrambler
needs to detect at least 25 consecutive descrambled idle
pattern 1’s in a 1 mS interval.  If 25 consecutive
descrambled idle pattern 1’s are not detected within the 1
mS interval, the descrambler goes out of synchronization
and restarts the synchronization process.
2.7.2  10 Mbps
A descrambler is not used in 10 Mbps mode.
2.8 TWISTED PAIR TRANSMITTER
2.8.1 100 Mbps
The TP transmitter consists of an MLT3 encoder,
waveform generator and line driver.
The MLT3 encoder converts the NRZI data from the
scrambler into a three level code required by IEEE 802.3.
MLT3 coding uses three levels and converts 1's to
transitions between the three levels, and converts 0's to no
transitions or changes in level.
The purpose of the waveform generator is to shape the
transmit output pulse. The waveform generator takes the
MLT3 three level encoded waveform and uses an array of
switched current sources to control the shape of the
twisted pair output signal in order to meet IEEE 802.3
requirements.  The output of the switched current sources
then goes through a   low pass filter in order to "smooth"
the output and remove any high frequency components.
In this way,  the waveform generator preshapes the output
waveform transmitted onto the twisted pair cable to meet
the pulse template requirements outlined in IEEE  802.3.
The waveform generator eliminates the need for any
external filters on the TP transmit output.  The line driver
converts the shaped and smoothed waveform to a current
output that can drive 100 meters of category 5 unshielded
twisted pair cable or 150 ohm shielded twisted pair cable.
2.8.2 10  Mbps
The TP transmitter operation in 10 Mbps mode is much
different than the 100 Mbps transmitter.  Even so, the
transmitter still consists of a waveform generator and line
driver.
The purpose of the waveform generator is to shape the
output transmit pulse.  The waveform generator consists
of a ROM, DAC, clock generator, and filter.  The DAC
generates a stair-stepped representation of the desired
output  waveform.  The stairstepped DAC output then
goes through a  low pass filter in order to "smooth" the
DAC output and remove any high frequency components.
The DAC values are determined from the ROM output; the
ROM outputs are chosen to shape the pulse to the
desired template and are clocked into the DAC at high
speed by the clock generator.  In this way,  the waveform
generator preshapes the output waveform to be
transmitted onto the twisted pair cable to meet the pulse
template requirements outlined in IEEE  802.3 Clause 14
and also shown in Figure 4. The waveshaper replaces and
eliminates external filters on the TP transmit output.
The line driver converts the shaped and smoothed
waveform to a current output that can drive 100 meters of
category 3/4/5 100 Ohm unshielded twisted pair cable or
150 Ohm shielded twisted pair cable,  without any external
filters.  During the idle period, no output signal is
transmitted on the TP outputs (except link pulse).
2.9 TWISTED PAIR RECEIVER 
2.9.1 Receiver - 100 Mbps
The TP receiver detects input signals from the twisted pair
input and converts it to a digital data bit stream ready for
clock and data recovery.  The receiver can reliably detect
data from a 100Base-TX compliant transmitter that has
been passed through 0-100 meters of 100 Ohm category
5 UTP