![](http://datasheet.mmic.net.cn/260000/PIC16C715_datasheet_15942822/PIC16C715_27.png)
1996 Microchip Technology Inc.
Advance Information
DS30560A-page 27
PIC16C715
5.3
I/O Programming Considerations
5.3.1
BI-DIRECTIONAL I/O PORTS
Any instruction which writes, operates internally as a
read followed by a write operation. The
instructions, for example, read the register into the
CPU, execute the bit operation and write the result
back to the register. Caution must be used when these
instructions are applied to a port with both inputs and
outputs defined. For example, a
of PORTB will cause all eight bits of PORTB to be read
into the CPU. Then the
BSF
bit5 and PORTB is written to the output latches. If
another bit of PORTB is used as a bi-directional I/O pin
(e.g., bit0) and it is defined as an input at this time, the
input signal present on the pin itself would be read into
the CPU and rewritten to the data latch of this particular
pin, overwriting the previous content. As long as the pin
stays in the input mode, no problem occurs. However,
if bit0 is switched to an output, the content of the data
latch may now be unknown.
Reading the port register, reads the values of the port
pins. Writing to the port register writes the value to the
port latch. When using read-modify-write instructions
(ex.
BCF, BSF
, etc.) on a port, the value of the port pins
is read, the desired operation is done to this value, and
this value is then written to the port latch.
Example 5-3 shows the effect of two sequential read-
modify-write instructions on an I/O port.
BCF
and
BSF
BSF
operation on bit5
operation takes place on
EXAMPLE 5-3:
READ-MODIFY-WRITE
INSTRUCTIONS ON AN I/O
PORT
;Initial PORT settings: PORTB<7:4> Inputs
; PORTB<3:0> Outputs
;PORTB<7:6> have external pull-ups and are
;not connected to other circuitry
;
; PORT latch PORT pins
; ---------- ---------
BCF PORTB, 7 ; 01pp pppp 11pp pppp
BCF PORTB, 6 ; 10pp pppp 11pp pppp
BSF STATUS, RP0 ;
BCF TRISB, 7 ; 10pp pppp 11pp pppp
BCF TRISB, 6 ; 10pp pppp 10pp pppp
;
;Note that the user may have expected the
;pin values to be 00pp ppp. The 2nd BCF
;caused RB7 to be latched as the pin value
;(high).
A pin actively outputting a Low or High should not be
driven from external devices at the same time in order
to change the level on this pin (“wired-or”, “wired-and”).
The resulting high output currents may damage the
chip.
5.3.2
SUCCESSIVE OPERATIONS ON I/O PORTS
The actual write to an I/O port happens at the end of an
instruction cycle, whereas for reading, the data must be
valid at the beginning of the instruction cycle
(Figure 5-5). Therefore, care must be exercised if a
write followed by a read operation is carried out on the
same I/O port. The sequence of instructions should be
such to allow the pin voltage to stabilize (load depen-
dent) before the next instruction which causes that file
to be read into the CPU is executed. Otherwise, the
previous state of that pin may be read into the CPU
rather than the new state. When in doubt, it is better to
separate these instructions with a
instruction not accessing this I/O port.
NOP
or another
FIGURE 5-5:
SUCCESSIVE I/O OPERATION
PC
PC + 1
PC + 2
PC + 3
Q1
Q2
Q3 Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3 Q4 Q1
Q2
Q3 Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3 Q4
InstructPC
fetched
RB7:RB0
MOVWF PORTB
write to
PORTB
NOP
Port pin
sampled here
NOP
MOVF PORTB,W
Instruction
executed
MOVWF PORTB
write to
PORTB
NOP
MOVF PORTB,W
T
PD
Note:
This example shows a write to PORTB
followed by a read from PORTB.
Note that:
data setup time = (0.25T
CY
- T
PD
)
where T
CY
= instruction cycle
T
PD
= propagation delay
Therefore, at higher clock frequencies,
a write followed by a read may be prob-
lematic.