Si3210/Si3211
Rev. 1.61
49
Not
Recommended
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2.6. DTMF Detection
The dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) tone signaling
standard is also known as touch tone. It is an in-band
signaling
system
used
to
replace
the
pulse-dial
signaling standard. In DTMF, two tones are used to
generate a DTMF digit. One tone is chosen from four
possible row tones, and one tone is chosen from four
possible column tones. The sum of these tones
constitutes one of 16 possible DTMF digits.
2.6.1. DTMF Detection Architecture
DTMF detection is performed using a modified Goertzel
algorithm to compute the dual frequency tone (DFT) for
each of the eight DTMF frequencies as well as their
second harmonics. At the end of the DFT computation,
the squared magnitudes of the DFT results for the eight
DTMF fundamental tones are computed. The row
results are sorted to determine the strongest row
frequency; the column frequencies are sorted as well.
At the completion of this process, a number of checks
are made to determine whether the strongest row and
column tones constitute a DTMF digit.
The detection process is performed twice within the
45 ms minimum tone time. A digit must be detected on
two
consecutive
tests
following
a
pause
to
be
recognized as a new digit. If all tests pass, an interrupt
is generated, and the DTMF digit value is loaded into
the DTMF register. If tones occur at the maximum rate
of 100 ms per digit, the interrupt must be serviced within
85 ms so that the current digit is not overwritten by a
new one. There is no buffering of the digit information.
2.7. Audio Path
Unlike traditional SLICs, the codec function is integrated
into the ProSLIC. The 16-bit codec offers programmable
gain/attenuation blocks and several loopback modes.
The signal path block diagram is shown in
Figure 25.2.7.1. Transmit Path
In the transmit path, the analog signal fed by the
external ac coupling capacitors is amplified by the
analog transmit amplifier, ATX, prior to the A/D
converter. The gain of the ATX is user-selectable to one
of mute/–3.5/0/3.5 dB options. The main role of ATX is
to coarsely adjust the signal swing to be as close as
possible to the full-scale input of the A/D converter in
order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the
transmit path. After passing through an anti-aliasing
filter, the analog signal is processed by the A/D
converter, producing an 8 kHz, 16-bit wide, linear PCM
data stream. The standard requirements for transmit
path
attenuation
for
signals
above
3.4 kHz
are
implemented as part of the combined decimation filter
characteristic of the A/D converter. One more digital
filter is available in the transmit path: THPF. THPF
implements the high-pass attenuation requirements for
signals below 65 Hz. The linear PCM data stream
output from THPF is amplified by the transmit-path
programmable gain amplifier, ADCG, which can be
programmed from –
dB to 6 dB. The DTMF decoder
can receive the linear PCM data stream at this point to
perform the digit extraction when enabled by the user.
The final step in transmit path signal processing is the
user-selectable A-law or -law compression, which can
reduce the data stream word width to 8 bits. Depending
on the PCM_Mode register selection, every 8-bit
compressed serial data word will occupy one time slot
on the PCM highway, or every 16-bit uncompressed
serial data word will occupy two time slots on the PCM
highway.