LTC4099
4099fd
Iftheloadcurrentincreasesbeyondthepowerallowed
fromtheswitchingregulator,additionalpowerwillbepulled
fromthebatteryviatheidealdiodes.Furthermore,ifpower
toVBUS(USBorwalladapter)isremoved,thenallofthe
applicationpowerwillbeprovidedbythebatteryviathe
idealdiodes.Theidealdiodeswillbefastenoughtokeep
VOUTfromdroopingwithonlythestoragecapacitance
required for the switching regulator. The internal ideal
diodeconsistsofaprecisionamplifierthatactivatesa
largeon-chipMOSFETtransistorwheneverthevoltageat
VOUTisapproximately15mV(VFWD)belowthevoltageat
BAT.Withintheamplifier’slinearrange,thesmall-signal
resistanceoftheidealdiodewillbequitelow,keeping
theforwarddropnear15mV.Athighercurrentlevels,the
MOSFETwillbeinfullconduction.
Precharge
Whenabatterychargecyclebegins,thebatterycharger
firstdeterminesifthebatteryisdeeplydischarged.Ifthe
batteryvoltageisbelowVTRKL,typically2.85V,anautomatic
tricklechargefeaturesetsthebatterychargecurrentto
one-fifthofthedefaultchargecurrent.Ifthelowvoltage
persistsformorethanone-halfhour,thebatterycharger
automaticallyterminatesandindicatesviatheI2Cport
thatthebatterywasunresponsive.
Constant-Current
OncethebatteryvoltageisaboveVTRKL,thechargerbegins
charginginfullpowerconstant-currentmode.Thecurrent
deliveredtothebatterywilltrytoreachVPROG/RPROG
1030whereVPROGcanbesetbytheI2Cportandranges
from500mVto1.2Vin100mVsteps.Thedefaultvalue
ofVPROGis500mV.Dependingonavailableinputpower
andexternalloadconditions,thebatterychargermayor
maynotbeabletochargeatthefullprogrammedrate.
Theexternalloadwillalwaysbeprioritizedoverthebattery
chargecurrent.Likewise,theUSBcurrentlimitprogram-
mingwillalwaysbeobservedandonlyadditionalpower
willbeavailabletochargethebattery.Whensystemloads
arelight,batterychargecurrentwillbemaximized.
Asmentionedabove,theupperlimitofchargecurrentis
programmedbythecombinationofaresistorfromPROG
togroundandthePROGservovoltagevaluesetinthe
I2Cport.Thechargecurrentwillbegivenbythefollowing
expression:
ICHG =
VPROG
RPROG
1030
EightvaluesofVPROGmaybeselectedbytheICHARGE2,
ICHARGE1andICHARGE0bitsintheI2Cport.SeeTable3.
Ineithertheconstant-currentorconstant-voltagecharging
modes,thevoltageatthePROGpinwillbeproportionalto
theactualchargecurrentdeliveredtothebattery.Thecharge
currentcanbedeterminedatanytimebymonitoringthe
PROGpinvoltageandusingthefollowingrelationship:
IBAT =
VPROG
RPROG
1030
FORWARD VOLTAGE (mV) (BAT – VOUT)
0
CURRENT
(mA)
600
1800
2000
2200
120
240 300
4099 F03
200
1400
1000
400
1600
0
1200
800
60
180
360
480
420
VISHAY Si2333
EXTERNAL
IDEAL DIODE
LTC4099
IDEAL DIODE
ON
SEMICONDUCTOR
MBRM120LT3
Figure 3. Ideal Diode V-I Characteristics
operaTion
To supplement the internal ideal diode, an external
P-channelMOSFETtransistormaybeaddedfromBATto
VOUT.TheIDGATEpinoftheLTC4099drivesthegateof
theexternalP-channelMOSFETtransistorforautomatic
idealdiodecontrol.ThesourceoftheexternalP-channel
MOSFETshouldbeconnectedtoVOUTandthedrainshould
beconnectedtoBAT.Capableofdrivinga1nFload,the
IDGATEpincancontrolanexternalP-channelMOSFET
transistorhavinganon-resistanceof30mΩorlower.
Battery Charger
TheLTC4099includesabatterychargerwithlowvoltage
precharge,constant-current/constant-voltagecharging,C/x
state-of-chargedetection,automaticterminationbysafety
timer,automaticrecharge,badcelldetectionandthermistor
sensorinputforout-of-temperaturechargepausing.