LTC4099
4099fd
thebatterytocharge.Iftheinput-referredloadcurrent
exceedstheinputcurrentlimitatVBUS,VOUTwillrange
betweentheno-loadvoltageandslightlybelowthebattery
voltageasindicatedbytheshadedregionofFigure2.If
thereisnobatterypresentwhenthishappens,VOUTmay
collapsetoground.Insuchcasestheinput-referredload
currentshouldbemaintainedbelowtheprogrammedinput
currentlevelinordertokeeptheVOUTandBATvoltages
withinspecifiedlimits.
Forverylowbatteryvoltages,thebatterychargeracts
likealoadand,duetotheinputcurrentlimitcircuit,its
currentwilltendtopullVOUTbelowthe3.6Vinstant-on
voltage.TopreventVOUTfromfallingbelowthislevel,an
undervoltage circuit automatically detects that VOUT is
fallingandreducesthebatterychargecurrentasneeded.
Thisreductionensuresthatloadcurrentandvoltageare
alwaysprioritizedwhileallowingasmuchbatterycharge
currentaspossible.SeeOverprogrammingtheBattery
ChargerintheApplicationsInformationsection.
Thevoltageregulationloopcompensationiscontrolledby
thecapacitanceonVOUT.AnMLCCcapacitorof10Fis
requiredforloopstability.Additionalcapacitancebeyond
thisvaluewillimprovetransientresponse.
AninternalundervoltagelockoutcircuitmonitorsVBUSand
keepstheswitchingregulatoroffuntilVBUSrisesabove
therisingVUVLOthreshold(4.3V).IfVBUSfallsbelowthe
fallingVUVLOthreshold(4V),systempoweratVOUTwill
bedrawnfromthebatteryviatheidealdiodes.Thevolt-
ageatVBUSmustalsobehigherthanthevoltageatBAT
byVDUVLO,orapproximately200mV,fortheswitching
regulatortooperate.
Bat-Track Auxiliary High Voltage Switching Regulator
Control
AsshownintheBlockDiagram,theWALL,ACPRand
VCpinscanbeusedinconjunctionwithanexternalhigh
voltageLinearTechnologystep-downswitchingregula-
tor, such as the LT3480 or LT3653, to minimize heat
productionwhenoperatingfromhighervoltagesources.
Bat-Trackcontrolcircuitryregulatestheexternalswitching
regulator’soutputvoltagetothelargerofBAT+300mV
or3.6Vinmuchthesamewayastheinternalswitching
regulator.Thismaximizesbatterychargerefficiencywhile
still allowing instant-on operation when the battery is
deeplydischarged.
Thefeedbacknetworkofthehighvoltageregulatorshould
besettoprogramanoutputvoltagebetween4.5Vand
5.5V.Whenhighvoltageisappliedtotheexternalregulator,
WALLwillrisetowardthisprogrammedoutputvoltage.
WhenWALLexceedsapproximately4.3V,ACPRisbrought
low,andtheBat-TrackcontroloftheLTC4099overdrives
thelocalVCcontroloftheexternalhighvoltagestep-down
switchingregulator.OncetheBat-Trackcontrolisenabled,
theoutputvoltageisindependentoftheswitchingregula-
torfeedbacknetwork.
Bat-Trackcontrolprovidesasignificantefficiencyadvantage
overtheuseofasimple5Vswitchingregulatoroutputto
drivethebatterycharger.Witha5VoutputdrivingVOUT,
batterychargerefficiencyisapproximately:
hTOTAL = hBUCK
VBAT
5V
where
hBUCKistheefficiencyofthehighvoltageswitching
regulatorand5Vistheoutputvoltageoftheswitching
regulator.Withatypicalswitchingregulatorefficiencyof
87%andatypicalbatteryvoltageof3.8V,thetotalbattery
chargerefficiencyisapproximately66%.Assuminga1A
chargecurrent,nearly2Wofpowerisdissipatedjustto
chargethebattery!
WithBat-Track,batterychargerefficiencyisapproximately:
hTOTAL = hBUCK
VBAT
VBAT + 0.3V
Withthesameassumptionsasabove,thetotalbattery
chargerefficiencyisapproximately81%.Thisexample
worksouttolessthan1Wofpowerdissipation,oralmost
60%lessheat.
SeetheTypicalApplicationssectionforcompletecircuits
usingtheLT3480andLT3653withBat-Trackcontrol.
Ideal Diode from BAT to VOUT
TheLTC4099hasaninternalidealdiodeaswellasacon-
trollerforanexternalidealdiode.Boththeinternaland
theexternalidealdiodesarealwaysonandwillrespond
quicklywheneverVOUTdropsbelowBAT.
operaTion