參數(shù)資料
型號(hào): TMS320F241PGS
廠商: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC
元件分類: 數(shù)字信號(hào)處理
英文描述: 0-BIT, 5 MHz, OTHER DSP, PQFP64
封裝: PLASTIC, QFP-64
文件頁數(shù): 63/122頁
文件大?。?/td> 1465K
代理商: TMS320F241PGS
TMS320F243, TMS320F241
DSP CONTROLLERS
SPRS064D DECEMBER 1997 REVISED FEBRUARY 2006
45
POST OFFICE BOX 1443
HOUSTON, TEXAS 772511443
multiplier (continued)
The MPYU instruction performs an unsigned multiplication, which greatly facilitates extended-precision
arithmetic operations. The unsigned contents of TREG are multiplied by the unsigned contents of the addressed
data memory location, with the result placed in PREG. This process allows the operands of greater than 16 bits
to be broken down into 16-bit words and processed separately to generate products of greater than 32 bits. The
SQRA (square / add) and SQRS (square / subtract) instructions pass the same value to both inputs of the
multiplier for squaring a data memory value.
After the multiplication of two 16-bit numbers, the 32-bit product is loaded into the 32-bit product register
(PREG). The product from PREG can be transferred to the CALU or to data memory by way of the SPH (store
product high) and SPL (store product low) instructions. Note: the transfer of PREG to either the CALU or data
bus passes through the PSCALE shifter, and therefore is affected by the product shift mode defined by PM. This
is important when saving PREG in an interrupt-service-routine context save as the PSCALE shift effects cannot
be modeled in the restore operation. PREG can be cleared by executing the MPY #0 instruction. The product
register can be restored by loading the saved low half into TREG and executing a MPY #1 instruction. The high
half, then, is loaded using the LPH instruction.
central arithmetic logic unit
The TMS320x24x central arithmetic logic unit (CALU) implements a wide range of arithmetic and logical
functions, the majority of which execute in a single clock cycle. This ALU is referred to as central to differentiate
it from a second ALU used for indirect-address generation called the auxiliary register arithmetic unit (ARAU).
Once an operation is performed in the CALU, the result is transferred to the accumulator (ACC) where additional
operations, such as shifting, can occur. Data that is input to the CALU can be scaled by ISCALE when coming
from one of the data buses (DRDB or PRDB) or scaled by PSCALE when coming from the multiplier.
The CALU is a general-purpose arithmetic/logic unit that operates on 16-bit words taken from data memory or
derived from immediate instructions. In addition to the usual arithmetic instructions, the CALU can perform
Boolean operations, facilitating the bit manipulation ability required for a high-speed controller. One input to the
CALU is always provided from the accumulator, and the other input can be provided from the product register
(PREG) of the multiplier or the output of the scaling shifter (that has been read from data memory or from the
ACC). After the CALU has performed the arithmetic or logical operation, the result is stored in the accumulator.
The TMS320x24x devices support floating-point operations for applications requiring a large dynamic range.
The NORM (normalization) instruction is used to normalize fixed-point numbers contained in the accumulator
by performing left shifts. The four bits of the TREG define a variable shift through the scaling shifter for the
LACT/ADDT/SUBT (load/add to /subtract from accumulator with shift specified by TREG) instructions. These
instructions are useful in floating-point arithmetic where a number needs to be denormalized — that is,
floating-point to fixed-point conversion. They are also useful in execution of an automatic gain control (AGC)
going into a filter. The BITT (bit test) instruction provides testing of a single bit of a word in data memory based
on the value contained in the four LSBs of TREG.
The CALU overflow saturation mode can be enabled/disabled by setting/resetting the OVM bit of ST0. When
the CALU is in the overflow saturation mode and an overflow occurs, the overflow flag is set and the accumulator
is loaded with either the most positive or the most negative value representable in the accumulator, depending
on the direction of the overflow. The value of the accumulator at saturation is 07FFFFFFFh (positive) or
080000000h (negative). If the OVM (overflow mode) status register bit is reset and an overflow occurs, the
overflowed results are loaded into the accumulator with modification. (Note that logical operations cannot result
in overflow.)
The CALU can execute a variety of branch instructions that depend on the status of the CALU and the
accumulator. These instructions can be executed conditionally based on any meaningful combination of these
status bits. For overflow management, these conditions include the OV (branch on overflow) and EQ (branch
on accumulator equal to zero). In addition, the BACC (branch to address in accumulator) instruction provides
the ability to branch to an address specified by the accumulator (computed goto). Bit test instructions (BIT and
BITT), which do not affect the accumulator, allow the testing of a specified bit of a word in data memory.
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