
7
S2004
QUAD SERIAL BACKPLANE DEVICE
October 10, 2000 / Revision D
Figure 6. DINx Data Clocking with TCLK
Figure 7. DIN Clocking with REFCLK
The S2004 also supports the traditional REFCLK
(TBC) clocking found in many Fibre Channel and
Gigabit Ethernet applications and is illustrated in Fig-
ure 7.
Half Rate Operation
The S2004 supports full and 1/2 rate operation for all
modes of operation. When RATE is LOW, the S2004
serial data rate equals the VCO frequency. When
RATE is HIGH, the VCO is divided-by-2 before being
provided to the chip. Thus the S2004 can support
Fibre Channel and serial backplane functions at both
full and 1/2 the VCO rate. (See Table 5.)
8B/10B Coding
The S2004 provides 8B/10B line coding for each
channel. The 8B/10B transmission code includes se-
rial encoding and decoding rules, special characters,
and error control. Information is encoded, 8 bits at a
time, into a 10 bit transmission character. The char-
acters defined by this code ensure that enough tran-
sitions are present in the serial bit stream to make
clock recovery possible at the receiver. The encod-
ing also greatly increases the likelihood of detecting
any single or multiple errors that might occur during
the transmission and reception of data
1
.
The 8B/10B transmission code includes D-charac-
ters, used for data transmission, and K-characters,
used for control or protocol functions. Each D-char-
acter and K-character has a positive and a negative
parity version. The parity of each codeword is se-
lected by the encoder to control the running disparity
of the data stream. K-character generation is con-
trolled individually for each channel using the
KGENx input. When KGEN is asserted the data on
the parallel input is mapped into the corresponding
control character. The parity of the K-character is
selected to minimize running disparity in the serial
data stream. Table 3 lists the K characters sup-
ported by the S2004 and identifies the mapping of
the DIN[7:0] bits to each character.
REFCLK
S2004
VCO/10 or VCO/20
TCLKx
DINx[0:7]
REF
OSCILLATOR
MAC
ASIC
TCLKO
PLL
REFCLK
S2004
TCLKx
DINx[0:7]
REF
OSCILLATOR
MAC
ASIC
TCLKO
PLL
VCO/10
1
1. A.X. Widner and P.A. Franaszek, "A Byte-Oriented DC Bal-
anced (0,4) 8B/10B Transmission Code," IBM Research Report
RC9391, May 1982.