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PIC18F1230/1330
DS39758B-page 48
Advance Information
2006 Microchip Technology Inc.
5.1.2.4
Stack Full and Underflow Resets
Device Resets on stack overflow and stack underflow
conditions are enabled by setting the STVREN bit in
Configuration Register 4L. When STVREN is set, a full
or underflow will set the appropriate STKFUL or
STKUNF bit and then cause a device Reset. When
STVREN is cleared, a full or underflow condition will set
the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit but not cause
a device Reset. The STKFUL or STKUNF bit is cleared
by the user software or a Power-on Reset.
5.1.3
FAST REGISTER STACK
A Fast Register Stack is provided for the STATUS,
WREG and BSR registers, to provide a “fast return”
option for interrupts. The stack for each register is only
one level deep and is neither readable nor writable. It is
loaded with the current value of the corresponding
register when the processor vectors for an interrupt. All
interrupt sources will push values into the Stack
registers. The values in the registers are then loaded
back
into
their
associated
RETFIE, FAST
instruction is used to return from the
interrupt.
registers
if
the
If both low and high priority interrupts are enabled, the
Stack registers cannot be used reliably to return from
low priority interrupts. If a high priority interrupt occurs
while servicing a low priority interrupt, the Stack regis-
ter values stored by the low priority interrupt will be
overwritten. In these cases, users must save the key
registers in software during a low priority interrupt.
If interrupt priority is not used, all interrupts may use the
Fast Register Stack for returns from interrupt. If no
interrupts are used, the Fast Register Stack can be
used to restore the STATUS, WREG and BSR registers
at the end of a subroutine call. To use the Fast Register
Stack for a subroutine call, a
CALL
label
,
FAST
instruction must be executed to save the STATUS,
WREG and BSR registers to the Fast Register Stack. A
RETURN, FAST
instruction is then executed to restore
these registers from the Fast Register Stack.
Example 5-1 shows a source code example that uses
the Fast Register Stack during a subroutine call and
return.
EXAMPLE 5-1:
FAST REGISTER STACK
CODE EXAMPLE
5.1.4
LOOK-UP TABLES IN PROGRAM
MEMORY
There may be programming situations that require the
creation of data structures, or look-up tables, in
program memory. For PIC18 devices, look-up tables
can be implemented in two ways:
Computed
GOTO
Table Reads
5.1.4.1
Computed
GOTO
A computed
GOTO
is accomplished by adding an offset
to the program counter. An example is shown in
Example 5-2.
A look-up table can be formed with an
ADDWF PCL
instruction and a group of
RETLW nn
instructions. The
W register is loaded with an offset into the table before
executing a call to that table. The first instruction of the
called routine is the
ADDWF PCL
instruction. The next
instruction executed will be one of the
RETLW
nn
instructions that returns the value ‘
nn
’ to the calling
function.
The offset value (in WREG) specifies the number of
bytes that the program counter should advance and
should be multiples of 2 (LSb =
0
).
In this method, only one data byte may be stored in
each instruction location and room on the return
address stack is required.
EXAMPLE 5-2:
COMPUTED
GOTO
USING
AN OFFSET VALUE
5.1.4.2
Table Reads and Table Writes
A better method of storing data in program memory
allows two bytes of data to be stored in each instruction
location.
Look-up table data may be stored two bytes per
program word by using table reads and writes. The
Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register specifies the byte
address and the Table Latch (TABLAT) register
contains the data that is read from or written to program
memory. Data is transferred to or from program
memory one byte at a time.
Table read and table write operations are discussed
further in
Section 6.1 “Table Reads and Table
Writes”
.
CALL SUB1, FAST
;STATUS, WREG, BSR
;SAVED IN FAST REGISTER
;STACK
SUB1
RETURN, FAST
;RESTORE VALUES SAVED
;IN FAST REGISTER STACK
MOVF
CALL
nn00h
ADDWF
RETLW
RETLW
RETLW
.
.
.
OFFSET, W
TABLE
ORG
TABLE
PCL
nnh
nnh
nnh