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NCP5322A
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25
“wind up” is the cause of the overshoot. In this case the
output voltage will transition more slowly because COMP
spikes upward as shown in Figure 24. Too much loop
gain/bandwidth increase the risk of instability. In general,
one should use the lowest loop gain/bandwidth as possible
to achieve acceptable transient response this will insure
good stability. If C
AMP
is optimal the COMP pin will slew
quickly but not overshoot and the output voltage will
monotonically settle as shown in Figure 25.
After the control loop is tuned to provide an acceptable
transient response the steadystate voltage ripple on the
COMP pin should be examined. When the converter is
operating at full, steadystate load, the peaktopeak
voltage ripple on the COMP pin should be less than 20 mV
PP
as shown in Figure 26. Less than 10 mV
PP
is ideal. Excessive
ripple on the COMP pin will contribute to output voltage
jitter.
Figure 24. The Value of C
AMP
Is Too Low and the
Loop Gain/Bandwidth Too High. COMP Moves Too
Quickly, Which Is Evident from the Small Spike in Its
Voltage When the Load Is Applied or Removed. The
Output Voltage Transitions More Slowly Because of
the COMP Spike.
Figure 25. The Value of C
AMP
Is Optimal. COMP Slews
Quickly Without Spiking or Ringing. V
OUT
Does Not
Overshoot and Monotonically Settles to Its Final Value.
Figure 26. At FullLoad (28 A) the PeaktoPeak
Voltage Ripple on the COMP Pin Should Be Less
than 20 mV for a WellTuned/Stable Controller.
Higher COMP Voltage Ripple Will Contribute to
Output Voltage Jitter.
9. Current Limit Setting
When the output of the current sense amplifier (CO1 or
CO2 in the block diagram) exceeds the voltage on the I
LIM
pin the part will enter hiccup mode. For inductive sensing,
the I
LIM
pin voltage should be set based on the inductor’s
maximum resistance (R
LMAX
). The design must consider
the inductor’s resistance increase due to current heating and
ambient temperature rise. Also, depending on the current
sense points, the circuit board may add additional resistance.
In general, the temperature coefficient of copper is +0.393%
per
°
C. If using a current sense resistor (R
SENSE
), the I
LIM
pin voltage should be set based on the maximum value of the
sense resistor. To set the level of the I
LIM
pin:
VILIM
(IOUT,LIM
ILo2)
R
GILIM
(34)
where:
I
OUT,LIM
is the current limit threshold of the converter;
I
Lo
/2 is half the inductor ripple current;
R is either (R
LMAX
+ R
PCB
) or R
SENSE;
G
ILIM
is the current sense to I
LIM
gain.
For the overcurrent protection to work properly, the
current sense time constant (RC) should be slightly larger
than the RL time constant. If the RC time constant is too fast,
during step load changes the sensed current waveform will
appear larger than the actual inductor current and will
probably trip the current limit at a lower level than expected.
10. PWM Comparator Input Voltage
The voltage at the positive input terminal of the PWM
comparator (see Figure 10 or 12) is limited by the internal
voltage supply of the controller (3.3 V), the size of the
internal ramp, and the magnitude of the channel startup
offset voltage. To prevent the PWM comparator from
saturating, the differential input voltage from CS
REF
to CSn
(n = 1 or 2) must satisfy the following equation: