CS4954 CS4955
DS278F6
23
5.7
Subcarrier Compensation
Since the subcarrier is synthesized from CLK, the
subcarrier frequency error will track the clock fre-
quency error. If the input clock has a tolerance of
200 ppm then the resulting subcarrier will also
have a tolerance of 200 ppm. Per the NTSC speci-
fication, the final subcarrier tolerance is ±10 Hz
which is approximately 3 ppm. Care must be taken
in selecting a suitable clock source.
In MPEG-2 system environments the clock is actu-
ally recovered from the data stream. In these cases
the recovered clock can be 27 MHz
±50 ppm or
±1350 Hz. It varies per television, but in many cas-
es given an MPEG-2 system clock of 27 MHz,
±1350 Hz, the resultant color subcarrier produced
will be outside of the television’s ability to com-
pensate and the chrominance information will not
be displayed (resulting in a black-and-white picture
only).
The CS4954/5 is designed to provide automatic
compensation for an excessively inaccurate
MPEG-2 system clock. Sub-carrier compensation
is enabled through the XTAL bit of the
CONTROL_2 Register. When enabled, the
CS4954/5 will utilize a common quartz color burst
crystal (3.579545 MHz ± 50 ppm for NTSC) at-
tached to the XTAL_IN and XTAL_OUT pins to
automatically compare and compensate the color
subcarrier synthesis process.
5.8
Closed Caption Insertion
The CS4954/5 is capable of NTSC Closed Caption
insertion on lines 21 and 284 independently.
Closed captioning is enabled for either one or both
lines via the CC_EN [1:0] Register bits and the
data to be inserted is also written into the four
Closed Caption Data registers. The CS4954/5,
when enabled, automatically generates the seven
cycles of clock run-in (32 times the line rate), does
start bit insertion (001), and finally does insertion
of the two data bytes per line. Data low at the video
outputs corresponds to 0 IRE and data high corre-
sponds to 50 IRE.
There are two independent 8-bit registers per line
(CC_21_1 & CC_21_2 for line 21 and CC_284_1
& CC_284_2 for line 284). Interrupts are also pro-
vided to simplify the handshake between the driver
software and the device. Typically the host writes
System
Fsubcarrier
Value (hex)
NTSC-M, NTSC-J
3.5795455 MHz 43E0F83E
PAL-B, D, G, H, I, N 4.43361875 MHz 54131596
PAL-N (Argentina)
3.582056 MHz
43ED288D
PAL-M
3.579611 MHz 43CDDFC7
Table 3.
Address
Register
NTSC-M
ITU
R.BT601
NTSC-J
ITU
R.BT601
NTSC-M
RS170A
PAL-
B,D,G,H,I PAL-M
PAL-N
Comb.
(Argent)
0×00
CONTROL_0
01h
21h
41h
61h
A1h
81h
0×01
CONTROL_1
12h
10h
16h
30h
12h
30h
0×04
CONTROL_4
07h
0×05
CONTROL_5
78h
0×10
SC_AMP
1Ch
15h
0×11
SC_SYNTH0
3Eh
96h
C7h
96h
8Ch
0×12
SC_SYNTH1
F8h
15h
DFh
15h
28h
0×13
SC_SYNTH2
E0h
13h
CDh
13h
EDh
0×14
SC_SYNTH3
43h
54h
43h
54h
43h
Table 4. Multi-standard Format Register Configurations