33394
26
MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA
Table 1. Linear Regulator Output Capacitor Examples
Output
SMD tantalum
Value/Rating
Part n. (AVX Corp.)
VDDH
100uF/10V
TPSC107K010S0200
VPP
33uF/10V
TPSB336K010S0650
VDD3_3
68uF/6.3V
TPSC686K006S0200
VDDL
100uF/6.3V
TPSC107K006S0150
VREFx
10uF/16V
THJB106K016S
VKAM*
100uF/6.3V
TPSC107K006S0150
5.2. Switching Regulator Operation
The 33394 switching regulator circuit consists of two basic
switching converter topologies. One is the typical voltage
mode PWM step–down or buck regulator, which provides
pre–regulated VPRE voltage (+5.6 V) during normal
operating conditions.
During cold start–up, when the car battery is weak, the
input voltage for the 33394 can fall below the lower operating
limit of the step–down converter. Under such conditions, the
step–up or boost converter provides the required value of the
VPRE voltage. The following paragraphs describe the basic
principles of the two converters operation.
Buck Mode
One switching cycle of the step–down converter operation
has two distinct parts: the power switch on state and the off
state. When the power switch is on, one inductor terminal is
connected to the input voltage Vin, and the other inductor
terminal is the output voltage Vo. During this part of the
switching period the rectifier (catch diode) is back biased,
and the current ramps up through the inductor to the output:
iL(on) +
(Vin * Vo)
ton
L
Where:
ton is the on–time of the power switch.
Vin is the input voltage.
Vo is the output voltage.
iL(on) is the inductor current during the on–time.
L is the inductance of the inductor L.
During the on time, current ramping through the inductor
stores energy in the inductor core.
During the off time of the power switch, the input voltage
source Vin is disconnected from the circuit. The energy
stored in the core forces current to continue to flow in the
same direction, the rectifier is forward biased and the
inductor input voltage is clamped one forward diode drop
below ground. The inductor current during the off time is:
iL(off) +
(Vo * Vfwd)
toff
L
Where:
toff is the off–time of the power switch.
iL(off) is the inductor current during the off time.
Vfwrd is forward voltage drop across the rectifier.
During the steady state operation iL(on) = iL(off) = IL, and
Vin/Vo = d
Where:
d is the duty cycle, and d = ton/T.
T is switching period, T = 1/f.
f is the frequency of operation.
Two relations give the ripple voltage in the output capacitor
Co. The first describes ripple voltage caused by current
variation upon the output capacitance Co:
VppCo +
DIL
8Co
f
The other is caused by current variations over the output
capacitor equivalent series resistance ESR:
VppESR + DIL
RESR
Practically, the ESR contributes predominantly to the buck
converter ripple voltage:
VppESR >>VppCo
The inductor peak current can be calculated as follows:
IpkL + Io )
1
2
DIL
Where:
Io is the average output current.
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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