
April 2003
Figure 1.  Typical Configuration of DPA-Switch in a Single-Ended DC-DC Forward Converter with One Output.
U1
D
L
S
F
C
DC
INPUT
+
V
O
+
+
–
–
–
R
FC
C
BYPASS
R
UVLO
C
CLAMP
Drain
Clamp
Snubber
Power
Transformer
Output
Inductor
Bias
Voltage
Output
Capacitor
Input
Return
PI-2873-112102
FEEDBACK CIRCUIT
CONTROL
DPA-Switch
TL431 with
Frequency
Compensation
C
FC
 Selectable 300 kHz or 400 kHz operation
 Lossless integrated cycle-by-cycle current limit
The example circuits in this design guide illustrate the use of
these and other features of 
DPA-Switch
.
Scope
This document gives guidance for the design of a single-ended
forward converter with 
DPA-Switch 
in applications that require
a single output voltage. It is intended for systems engineers and
circuit designers who wish to become familiar with the
capabilities and requirements of 
DPA-Switch 
in DC-DC
applications. This application note provides background material
that will assist users of the 
DPA-Switch 
DC-DC forward
converter design utility that is included in the software design
tool, 
PI Expert
. Subsequent application notes will provide
comprehensive procedures for designs of greater complexity.
Designers are advised to check Power Integrations’ Web site at
www.powerint.com 
for the latest application information and
design tools.
DPA-Switch
 DC-DC Forward
Converter Design Guide
Application Note AN-31
Introduction
The single-ended forward converter topology is usually the best
solution for DC-DC applications in industrial controls, Telecom
central office equipment, digital feature phones, and systems
that use distributed power architectures.
The feature set of 
DPA-Switch 
offers the following advantages
in DC-DC single-ended forward converter designs:
 Low component count
 High efficiency (typically >91% with synchronous
rectification)
 Built in soft-start to minimize stress and overshoot
 Built in accurate line under-voltage detection
 Built-in accurate line overvoltage shutdown protection
 Built in adjustable current limit
 Built-in overload and open loop fault protection
 Built-in thermal shutdown
 Programmable duty cycle reduction to limit duty cycle
excursion at high line and transient load conditions
 Very good light-load efficiency