
AN-30
15
B
12/02
voltage, and the voltage on the L pin as shown in Figure 1.  The
Zener diode is chosen as required to raise the curve of D
 at
the low input voltages.  It may not be necessary in all applications.
The Zener voltage is 6.8 V in this example.
Next, select a value for D
XHL
 that is between D
HL_ACTUAL
 and
D
HL_RESET
.
(40)
(41)
Find the range of permissible values for D
.
To compute the
upper and lower bounds on D
XDO
, define the intermediate
variable K
XDO.
(42)
The upper bound for D
XDO
 is then
(43)
and the lower bound for D
XDO
 is
(44)
Choose an appropriate value for D
between D
 and
D
MAX_ACTUAL
 that also satisfies the boundaries of (43) and (44).
Next, compute the intermediate constants r
1
 and r
2
.
(45)
While there are four resistors, only three are unknown because
R
 and R
 are identical by definition.  They are connected in
series to keep the voltage across each one below its maximum
rating.  The three unknown resistors and one capacitor make
four unknown quantities that are determined by the four
constraints.
Figure 8 illustrates the general case where D
 is between the
actual duty ratio D
 and D
 at the input voltage
V
.  If the converter is not required to respond to transient
loads at the end of the holdup time, D
 and D
 can
be set to D
.  Since response to transient loads is usually
required at V
, the designer will want to set D
XHL
 at a
comfortable margin between D
HL_ACTUAL
 and D
HL_RESET
Begin with the computation of values for R
A
 and R
B
 to set the
line under-voltage threshold V
ACUV
.
(35)
where V
 is the AC input voltage (non-doubled) required for
the converter to start, and I
 is the line under-voltage threshold
current of the L pin of 
TOPSwitch-GX
 from the datasheet.
Choose the nearest standard resistor value for R
A
 and R
B
.
Define intermediate variables to make the expressions easier to
write and interpret.
D
I
L
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
In Equation (36), D
IL1
 and D
are respectively the values of
DC
 at currents I
 and I
 into the L pin. Obtain these values
from the data sheet. Use the typical values at first. Then check
that the circuit will perform properly at the high and low ends
of the tolerance range.
In Equation (37), D
 is the value of DC
 at current I
L
 into the
L pin. Use the same D
 with I
 or D
 with I
L2
 as in
Equation (36). Either pair will give the same result. I
 has a
physical interpretation that cannot be realized: if the duty ratio
reduction characteristic continued along its linear slope, it
would reach zero at the current I
LD0
.
The voltages V
, V
 and V
 are respectively the forward drop
of the rectifier in series with the Zener diode and R
C
, the Zener
R
R
V
I
A
B
ACUV
2
UV
=
=
2
R
R
R
AB
A
B
≡
+
I
D
m
I
LD
IL
IL
L
0
≡
+
V
V
V
V
BZL
DB
Z
L
≡
+
+
D
V
V
V
V
N
N
V
V
HL
ACTUAL
MAIN
)
DMAINC
MAX
DS
S
P
DMAINF
DMAINC
_
=
+
(
+
D
V
V
HL
RESET
MAX
DSOP
_
=
 
1
K
m
I
V
R
D
m
V
N
N
V
V
N
N
V
XDO
IL
LD
MAX
AB
XHL
IL
DROPOUT
B
P
BZL
MAX
B
P
BZL
≡
0
D
m
I
V
R
K
XDO
IL
LD
DROPOUT
AB
XDO
<
0
D
m
I
V
R
K
D
XDO
IL
LD
DROPOUT
AB
XDO
XHL
>
+
0
1
m
D
I
IL
IL
IL
L
≡
1
2
2
1
r
V
N
N
V
D
I
V
R
D
m
DROPOUT
B
P
BZL
XDO
LD
DROPOUT
AB
XDO
IL
1
0
≡