MPC951
MOTOROLA
TIMING SOLUTIONS
8
When taken to its extreme the fanout of the MPC951 clock
driver is effectively doubled due to its capability to drive
multiple lines.
Figure 7. Single versus Dual Transmission Lines
7
IN
MPC951
OUTPUT
BUFFER
RS = 43
ZO = 50
OutA
7
IN
MPC951
OUTPUT
BUFFER
RS = 43
ZO = 50
OutB0
RS = 43
ZO = 50
OutB1
The waveform plots of Figure 8 show the simulation
results of an output driving a single line vs two lines. In both
cases the drive capability of the MPC951 output buffers is
more than sufficient to drive 50
transmission lines on the
incident edge. Note from the delay measurements in the
simulations a delta of only 43ps exists between the two
differently loaded outputs. This suggests that the dual line
driving need not be used exclusively to maintain the tight
output–to–output skew of the MPC951. The output waveform
in Figure 8 shows a step in the waveform, this step is caused
by the impedance mismatch seen looking into the driver. The
parallel combination of the 43
series resistor plus the output
impedance does not match the parallel combination of the
line impedances. The voltage wave launched down the two
lines will equal:
VL = VS ( Zo / (Rs + Ro +Zo))
Zo = 50
|| 50
Rs = 43
|| 43
Ro = 7
VL = 3.0 (25 / (21.5 + 7 + 25) = 3.0 (25 / 53.5)
= 1.40V
At the load end the voltage will double, due to the near
unity reflection coefficient, to 2.8V. It will then increment
towards the quiescent 3.0V in steps separated by one round
trip delay (in this case 4.0ns).
Figure 8. Single versus Dual Waveforms
TIME (nS)
VOL
TAGE
(V)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
OutB
tD = 3.9386
OutA
tD = 3.8956
In
Since this step is well above the threshold region it will not
cause any false clock triggering, however designers may be
uncomfortable with unwanted reflections on the line. To
better match the impedances when driving multiple lines the
situation in Figure 9 should be used. In this case the series
terminating resistors are reduced such that when the parallel
combination is added to the output buffer impedance the line
impedance is perfectly matched.
Figure 9. Optimized Dual Line Termination
7
MPC951
OUTPUT
BUFFER
RS = 36
ZO = 50
RS = 36
ZO = 50
7
+ 36 k 36 = 50 k 50
25
= 25
SPICE level output buffer models are available for
engineers who want to simulate their specific interconnect
schemes. In addition IV characteristics are in the process of
being generated to support the other board level simulators in
general use.
MPC951
Low Voltage PLL Clock Driver
NETCOM
IDT Low Voltage PLL Clock Driver
Freescale Timing Solutions Organization has been acquired by Integrated Device Technology, Inc
MPC951
8