
Timing Diagrams
 (Continued)
Functional Description
The ADC12191 is a monolithic CMOS analog-to-digital
converter capable of converting analog input signals into
12-bit digital words at 10 megasamples per second (MSPS).
This device utilizes a proprietary pipeline architecture and
algorithm to minimize die size and power consumption. The
ADC12191 uses self-calibration and digital error correction
to maintain accuracy and performance over temperature.
The ADC12191 has an input sample-and-hold amplifier and
internal reference buffer. The analog input and the reference
voltage are converted to differential signals for internal use.
Using differential signals in the analog conversion core
reduces crosstalk and noise pickup from the digital section
and power supply.
The pipeline conversion core has 15 sequential signal
processing stages. Each stage receives an analog signal
from the previous stage (called “residue”) and produces a
1-bit digital output that is sent to the digital correction
module. At each stage the analog signal received from the
previous stage is compared to an internally generated
reference level. It is then amplified by a factor of 2, and,
depending on the output of the comparator, the internal
reference signal may be subtracted from the amplifier
output. This produces the residue that is passed to the next
stage.
The calibration module is activated at power-on or by user
request. During calibration the conversion core is put into a
special mode of operation in order to determine inherent
errors in the analog conversion blocks and to determine
correction coefficients for each digital output bit from the
conversion core and stores these coefficients in RAM. The
digital correction module uses the coefficients in RAM to
convert the raw data bits from the conversion core into the
12-bit digital output code.
Applications Information
1.0 Analog Inputs.
The ADC12191 has two single-ended analog inputs. V
REF
is
the reference input and V
IN
is the signal input.
1.1 Reference Input
 The V
REF
input must be driven from an
accurate, stable reference voltage source. of 1.8V to 2.2V,
and bypassed to a clean, quiet point in analog ground.
1.2 Analog Signal Input
 The V
input must be driven with
a low impedance signal source that does not add any
distortion to the input signal. The ground reference for the
V
input is the V
pin. The V
pin must be
connected to a clean, quiet point in analog ground.
2.0 Digital Inputs
The ADC12191 has four digital inputs. They are CLOCK,
CAL, OE and PD.
2.1 CLOCK
 The CLOCK signal drives an internal phase
delay loop to create timing for the ADC. The clock input
should be driven with a stable, low phase jitter TTL level
clock signal in the range of 1 to 10 MHz. The trace carrying
the clock signal should be as short as possible. This trace
should not cross any other signal line, analog or digital, not
even at 90. A 100 Ohm resistor should be placed in series
with the CLOCK pin, as close to the pin as possible.
2.2 CAL
 The level sensitive CAL input must be pulsed high
for at least three clock cycles to begin ADC calibration. For
best performance, calibration should be performed about ten
sceonds after power up, after resetting the ADC, and after
the temperature has changed by more than 50C since the
last calibration was performed.
Calibration should be performed at the same clock
frequency that the ADC12191 will be used for conversions to
minimize offset errors. Calibration takes 4000 clock cycles.
Irrelevant data may appear during the calibration cycle.
DS101040-22
FIGURE 4. Reset and Calibration Timing
A
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