
Figure 1 shows a simplified diagram of the local
echo path for a typical application with a trans-
formerinterface. The magnitude and phase of the
local echo signal,measuredat VF
X
I, area function
of the termination impedance Z
T
, the line trans-
Figure 1:
SimplifiedDiagram of HybridBalance Circuit
formerandtheimpedanceof the2Wloop,Z
L
. Ifthe
impedancereflected back into the transformerpri-
mary is expressedasZ
L
’ thenthe echopath trans-
fer functionfrom VF
R
O to VF
X
I is :
H(W) = Z
L
’ /(Z
T
+ Z
L
’)
(1)
PROGRAMMING THE FILTER
On initial power-upthe Hybrid Balance filteris dis-
abled. Beforethe hybrid balance filter can be pro-
grammedit is necessaryto designthe transformer
andterminationimpedanceinorderto meetsystem
2 Winput return loss specifications,whichare nor-
mally measured against a fixed test impedance
(600or 900
inmostcountries).Onlythencan the
echo path bemodeledand thehybridbalancefilter
programmed. Hybrid balancing is also measured
against a fixed test impedance, specified by each
national Telecom administration to provide ade-
quate control of talker and listener echo over the
majority of theirnetwork connections.This test im-
pedance is Z
L
in figure 1. The echo signal and the
degree of transhybrid loss obtained by the pro-
grammable filter must be measuredfromthe PCM
digital input D
R
0, to the PCM digital output D
X
0,
eitherbydigitaltestsignalanalysisorbyconversion
back to analogby a PCM CODEC/Filter.
Three registers must be programmed in COMBO
IIG to fully configure the Hybrid Balance Filter as
follows:
Register 1: select/de-select Hybrid Balance Filter;
invert/non-invert cancellation signal;
select/de-select Hybal2 filter section;
attenuatorsetting.
Register2: select/de-select Hybal1 filter;
set Hybal1 to Bi-Quad or 1st order;
program pole and zero frequency.
Register3 : programpolefrequencyinHybal2filter;
programzerofrequencyinHybal2filter;
settings = Please refer to software
TS5077-2.
Standard filter design techniques may be used to
modelthe echopath(seeequation(1)) and design
amatchinghybridbalancefilterconfiguration.Alter-
natively, the frequency responseof the echo path
can be measuredand the hybridbalancefilter pro-
grammed to replicate it.
An Hybrid Balance filter design guide and soft-
ware optimization program are available under li-
cense from SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics (or-
der TS5077-2).
Bit Number
Function
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
By Pass Hybal 1
Filter
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pole/zero Setting
Table 10:
Hybrid Balance Register 2 Byte 2 in-
structions
TS5070 - TS5071
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