
APPLICATION NOTE
U-138
Fig. IO -- Waveforms at
In a realistic application, the output voltage
of the power supply is held in regulation at
which stipulates that the on-time in the power
processing state, , cannot go to zero as in
the example above. The volt-second product re-
quirements of the output must be satisfied
during this period, just as in any square wave
converter design. Analogous to minimum duty
cycle, the minimum on-time for a given design
will be a function of
tank frequency,
Although small, a specific amount of energy
is transferred from the input to the output
during the capacitor charging interval
voltage into the output filter section linearly
decreases from
at time to zero at
equal to an average value of
a constant current equal to the output current
was being supplied from the input source.
The average energy transferred during this
interval is defined as:
=
l
and the resonant
The
In addition,
The equation can be reorganized in terms of
and
as:
This minimum energy can be equated to
minimum output watts by dividing it by its
conversion period where equals zero.
Topol-
ogy coefficient K-r
will be incorporated to
define the ratio of the maximum conversion
frequency (minimum conversion period) to that
of the resonant tank frequency,
This demonstrates that a zero power output
is
unobtainable
in reality. The same is true for
the ability to obtain zero output voltage.
The equation can be rewritten as:
Solving for the highest minimum output
voltage, the worst case for occurs when
equals
and
is at its maximum,
Under normal circumstances the circuit will
be operating far above this minimum require-
ment. In most applications, the amount of
power transferred during the capacitor charging
interval
can be neglected as it represents
less than seven percent (7%) of the
minimum
input power. This corresponds to less than one
percent of the total input power assuming a
10:1
load range.
ZVS Effective Duty Cycles:
A valid assumption is that a negligible
amount of power is delivered to the load
during the capacitor charging interval
no power is transferred during the resonant
period from
Although the switch is on
during period
it is only recharging the
Also,
3-337