1997 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS30234D-page 143
PIC16C6X
14.0
INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
Each PIC16CXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided
into an OPCODE which specifies the instruction type
and one or more operands which further specify the
operation of the instruction. The PIC16CXX instruction
set summary in Table 14-2 lists
byte-oriented
,
bit-ori-
ented
, and
literal and control
operations. Table 14-1
shows the opcode field descriptions.
For
byte-oriented
instructions, 'f' represents a file reg-
ister designator and 'd' represents a destination desig-
nator. The file register designator specifies which file
register is to be used by the instruction.
The destination designator specifies where the result of
the operation is to be placed. If 'd' is zero, the result is
placed in the W register. If 'd' is one, the result is placed
in the file register specified in the instruction.
For
bit-oriented
instructions, 'b' represents a bit field
designator which selects the number of the bit affected
by the operation, while 'f' represents the number of the
file in which the bit is located.
For
literal and control
operations, 'k' represents an
eight or eleven bit constant or literal value.
TABLE 14-1:
OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS
Field
Description
f
W
b
k
x
Register file address (0x00 to 0x7F)
Working register (accumulator)
Bit address within an 8-bit file register
Literal field, constant data or label
Don't care location (= 0 or 1)
The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the
recommended form of use for compatibility with all
Microchip software tools.
Destination select; d = 0: store result in W,
d = 1: store result in file register f.
Default is d = 1
label
Label name
TOS
Top of Stack
PC
Program Counter
PCLATH
Program Counter High Latch
GIE
Global Interrupt Enable bit
WDT
Watchdog Timer/Counter
TO
Time-out bit
PD
Power-down bit
dest
Destination either the W register or the specified
register file location
[ ]
Options
( )
Contents
→
Assigned to
< >
Register bit field
∈
In the set of
i
talics User defined term (font is courier)
d
The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped
into three basic categories:
Byte-oriented
operations
Bit-oriented
operations
Literal and control
operations
All instructions are executed within one single instruc-
tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro-
gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.
In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles
with the second cycle executed as a NOP. One instruc-
tion cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for
an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction
execution time is 1
μ
s. If a conditional test is true or the
program counter is changed as a result of an instruc-
tion, the instruction execution time is 2
μ
s.
Table 14-2 lists the instructions recognized by the
MPASM assembler.
Figure 14-1 shows the general formats that the instruc-
tions can have.
All examples use the following format to represent a
hexadecimal number:
0xhh
where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.
FIGURE 14-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR
INSTRUCTIONS
Byte-oriented
file register operations
13 8 7 6 0
OPCODE d f (FILE #)
Note:
To maintain upward compatibility with
future PIC16CXX products, do not use the
OPTION
and
TRIS
instructions.
d = 0 for destination W
d = 1 for destination f
f = 7-bit file register address
Bit-oriented
file register operations
13 10 9 7 6 0
OPCODE b (BIT #) f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit bit address
f = 7-bit file register address
Literal and control
operations
13 8 7 0
OPCODE k (literal)
k = 8-bit immediate value
13 11 10 0
OPCODE k (literal)
k = 11-bit immediate value
General
CALL
and
GOTO
instructions only