icrel, Inc.
MIC2586/MIC2586R
ecember 2012
13
M9999-122012
Functional Description
Hot Swap Insertion
When circuit boards are inserted into systems carrying
live   supply   voltages   ("hot   swapped"),   high   inrush
currents often result due to the charging of bulk
capacitance that resides across the circuit board's
supply pins. These current spikes can cause the
system's supply voltages to temporarily go out of
regulation causing data loss or system lock-up. In more
extreme cases, the transients occurring during a hot
swap   event   may   cause   permanent   damage   to
connectors or on-board components.
The MIC2586/MIC2586R is designed to address these
issues by limiting the maximum current that is allowed to
flow during hot swap events. This is achieved by
implementing a constant-current control loop at turn-on.
In addition to inrush current control, the MIC2586 and
MIC2586R   incorporate   input   voltage   supervisory
functions     and     user-programmable     overcurrent
protection, thereby providing robust protection for both
the system and the circuit board.
Input Supply Transient Suppression and Filtering
The MIC2586/MIC2586R is guaranteed to withstand
transient voltage spikes up to 100V. However, voltage
spikes in excess of 100V may cause damage to the
controller. In order to suppress transients caused by
parasitic inductances, wide (and short) power traces
should be utilized. Alternatively, a heavier trace plating
will help minimize inductive spikes that may arise during
events (e.g., short-circuit loads) that can cause a large
di/dt to occur. External surge protection, such as a
clamping diode, is also recommended as an added
safeguard for device (and system) protection. Lastly, a
0.1礔 filter capacitor is recommended to help reject
additional noise.
Start-Up Cycle
When     the     power     supply     voltage     to     the
MIC2586/MIC2586R is higher than the V
UVH
and the
V
ONH
threshold voltages, a start cycle is initiated. When
the controller is enabled, an internal 16礎(chǔ) current source
(I
GATEON
) is enabled and the GATE pin voltage rises from
0V with respect to ground at a rate equal to Equation 1:
ATE
GATEON
GATE
C
I
dt
V
=
   
Eq. 1
The internal charge pump has sufficient output drive to
fully enhance commonly available power MOSFETs for
the lowest possible DC losses. The gate drive is
guaranteed to be between 7.5V and 18V over the entire
supply voltage operating range (10V to 80V), so 60V
BVDSS and 30V BVDSS N-channel power MOSFETs
can   be   used   for   +48V   and   +24V   applications,
respectively. However, an external Zener diode (18-V)
connected from the source to the gate as shown in the
typical applications circuit is highly recommended. A
good choice for an 18-V Zener diode in this application is
the MMSZ5248B, available in a small SOD123 package.
C
GATE
is used to adjust the GATE voltage slew rate while
R3 minimizes the potential for high-frequency parasitic
oscillations from occurring in M1. However, note that
resistance in this part of the circuit has a slight
destabilizing   effect   upon   the   MIC2586/MIC2586R's
current regulation loop. Compensation resistor R4 is
necessary for stabilization of the current regulation loop.
The current through the power transistor during initial
inrush is given by Equation 2:
GATE
GATEON
LOAD
INRUSH
C
I
C
?/DIV>
=
Eq. 2
The drain current of the MOSFET is monitored via an
external current sense resistor to ensure that it never
exceeds the programmed threshold, as described in the
"Circuit Breaker Operation" subsection.
A capacitor connected to the controllers TIMER pin sets
the value of overcurrent detector delay, t
FLT
, which is the
time for which an overcurrent event must last to signal a
fault condition and to cause an output latch-off. These
devices will be driving a capacitive load in most
applications, so a properly chosen value of C
TIMER
prevents false-, or nuisance-, tripping at turn-on as well
as providing immunity to noise spikes after the start-up
cycle is complete. The procedure for selecting a value
for C
TIMER
is given in the "Circuit Breaker Operation"
subsection.
Overcurrent Protection
The MIC2586 and the MIC2586R use an external, low-
value resistor in series with the drain of the external
MOSFET to measure the current flowing into the load.
The   VCC   connection   (Pin   14)   and   the   SENSE
connection   (Pin   13)   are   the   (+)   and   (-)   inputs,
respectively, of the device's internal current sensing
circuits    Kelvin    sense    connections    are    strongly
recommended for sensing the voltage across these pins.
See the Applications Information section for further
details.