190
8272E–AVR–04/2013
ATmega164A/PA/324A/PA/644A/PA/1284/P
Figure 19-7. Stop Bit Sampling and Next Start Bit Sampling.
The same majority voting is done to the stop bit as done for the other bits in the frame. If the stop
bit is registered to have a logic 0 value, the Frame Error (FEn) Flag will be set.
A new high to low transition indicating the start bit of a new frame can come right after the last of
the bits used for majority voting. For Normal Speed mode, the first low level sample can be at
delayed to (B). (C) marks a stop bit of full length. The early start bit detection influences the
operational range of the Receiver.
19.9.3
Asynchronous Operational Range
The operational range of the Receiver is dependent on the mismatch between the received bit
rate and the internally generated baud rate. If the Transmitter is sending frames at too fast or too
slow bit rates, or the internally generated baud rate of the Receiver does not have a similar (see
frames to the start bit.
The following equations can be used to calculate the ratio of the incoming data rate and internal
receiver baud rate.
D
Sum of character size and parity size (D = 5 to 10 bit).
S
Samples per bit. S = 16 for Normal Speed mode and S = 8 for Double Speed
mode.
S
F
First sample number used for majority voting. S
F = 8 for normal speed and SF = 4
for Double Speed mode.
S
M
Middle sample number used for majority voting. S
M = 9 for normal speed and
S
M = 5 for Double Speed mode.
R
slow
is the ratio of the slowest incoming data rate that can be accepted in relation to the
receiver baud rate. R
fast is the ratio of the fastest incoming data rate that can be
accepted in relation to the receiver baud rate.
that can be tolerated. Note that Normal Speed mode has higher toleration of baud rate
variations.
12
34
56
7
8
9
10
0/1
STOP 1
123
4
5
6
0/1
RxD
Sample
(U2X = 0)
Sample
(U2X = 1)
(A)
(B)
(C)
R
slow
D
1
+
S
1
–
DS
S
F
++
-------------------------------------------
=
R
fast
D
2
+
S
D
1
+
SS
M
+
-----------------------------------
=