Bus Operation
4-20
MC68360 USER’S MANUAL
MOTOROLA
Notes:
1. Data Port Size—32 Bits:16 Bits:8 Bits
2. Instruction reads can either be two words from an
even-word boundary, or one word from an odd-word boundary.
This table verifies that bus cycle throughput is significantly affected by port size and align-
ment. The QUICC system designer and programmer should be aware of and account for
these effects, particularly in time-critical applications.
If the required instruction begins at an even-word boundary, the processor prefetches a long
word (up to two instructions) by reading a long word from a long-word address (A1–A0 = 00),
regardless of port size. When the required instruction begins at an odd-word boundary, the
processor reads 16-bits only, from the odd-word boundary. Refer to Section 5 CPU32+ for
a complete description of the pipeline operation.
4.2.4 Bus Operation
The QUICC bus is asynchronous, allowing external devices connected to the bus to operate
at clock frequencies different from the clock for the QUICC. Bus operation uses the hand-
shake lines (AS, DS, DSACK1, DSACK0, BERR, and HALT) to control data transfers. AS
signals a valid address on the address bus, and DS is used as a condition for valid data on
a write cycle. Decoding the SIZx outputs and lower address lines (A1–A0) provides strobes
that select the active portion of the data bus. The slave device (memory or peripheral)
responds by placing the requested data on the correct portion of the data bus for a read
cycle or by latching the data on a write cycle; the slave asserts the DSACK1/DSACK0 com-
bination that corresponds to the port size to terminate the cycle.
Alternatively, the SIM60 can be programmed to assert the DSACK1/DSACK0 combination
internally and respond for the slave. If no slave responds or the access is invalid, external
control logic may assert BERR or BERR with HALT to abort or retry the bus cycle, respec-
tively. DSACKx can be asserted before the data from a slave device is valid on a read cycle.
The length of time that DSACKx may precede data must not exceed a specified value in any
asynchronous system to ensure that valid data is latched into the QUICC. (See Section 10
Electrical Characteristics for timing parameters.)
Note that no maximum time is specified from the assertion of AS to the assertion of
DSACKx. Although the QUICC can transfer data in a minimum of three clock cycles when
the cycle is terminated with DSACKx, the QUICC inserts wait cycles in clock-period incre-
ments until DSACKx is recognized. BERR and/or HALT can be asserted after DSACKx is
asserted. BERR and/or HALT must be asserted within the time specified after DSACKx is
Table 4-7. Memory Alignment and Port Size Influence
on Write Bus Cycles
Number of Bus Cycles
A1–A0
00
01
10
11
Instruction1
1:2:4
N/A
N/A
N/A
Byte Operand
1:1:1
1:1:1
1:1:1
1:1:1
Word Operand
1:1:2
1:2:2
1:1:2
2:2:2
Long-Word Operand
1:2:4
2:3:4
2:2:4
2:3:4