LTC4099
4099fd
Introduction
The LTC4099 is an I2C controlled power manager and
Li-Ionchargerdesignedtomakeoptimaluseofthepower
availablefromavarietyofsourceswhileminimizingpower
dissipationandeasingthermalbudgetingconstraints.The
innovativePowerPatharchitectureensuresthattheap-
plicationispoweredimmediatelyafterexternalvoltageis
applied,evenwithacompletelydeadbattery,byprioritizing
powertotheapplication.
TheLTC4099includesaBat-Trackmonolithicstep-down
switchingregulatorforUSB,walladaptersandother5V
sources.DesignedspecificallyforUSBapplications,the
switchingregulatorincorporatesaprecisionaveragein-
putcurrentlimitforUSBcompatibility.Becausepoweris
conserved,theLTC4099allowstheloadcurrentonVOUTto
exceedthecurrentdrawnbytheUSBportmakingmaximum
useoftheallowableUSBpowerforbatterycharging.The
switchingregulatorandbatterychargercommunicateto
ensurethattheaverageinputcurrentneverexceedsthe
USBspecifications.
Forautomotiveandotherhighvoltageapplications,the
LTC4099providesBat-TrackcontrolofanexternalLinear
Technologystep-downswitchingregulatortomaximizebat-
terychargerefficiencyandminimizeheatproduction.
WhenpowerisavailablefromboththeUSBandanaux-
iliaryinput,theauxiliaryinputisprioritized.
TheLTC4099containsbothaninternal180mΩidealdiode
aswellasanidealdiodecontrollerforusewithanexternal
P-channelMOSFET.TheidealdiodesfromBATtoVOUT
guaranteethatamplepowerisalwaysavailabletoVOUTeven
ifthereisinsufficientorabsentpoweratVBUSorWALL.
TheLTC4099featuresanovervoltageprotectioncircuit
which is designed to work with an external N-channel
MOSFETtopreventdamagetoitsinputcausedbyac-
cidentalapplicationofhighvoltage.
Topreventbatterydrainwhenadeviceisconnectedtoa
suspendedUSBport,anLDOfromVBUStoVOUTprovides
eitheralowpowerorhighpowerUSBsuspendcurrent
totheapplication.
Finally,theLTC4099hasconsiderableadjustabilitybuilt
in so that power levels and status information can be
controlledandmonitoredviaasimpletwowireI2Cport.
Bat-Track Input Current Limited Step-Down Switching
Regulator
ThepowerdeliveredfromVBUStoVOUTiscontrolledbya
2.25MHzconstant-frequencystep-downswitchingregu-
lator.TomeetthemaximumUSBloadspecification,the
switchingregulatorcontainsameasurementandcontrol
systemwhichensuresthattheaverageinputcurrentre-
mainsbelowthelevelprogrammedattheCLPROGpin
andI2Cport.VOUTdrivesthecombinationoftheexternal
loadandthebatterycharger.
Ifthecombinedloaddoesnotcausetheswitchingpower
supplytoreachtheprogrammedinputcurrentlimit,VOUT
willtrackapproximately0.3Vabovethebatteryvoltage.
Bykeepingthevoltageacrossthebatterychargeratthis
lowlevel,powerlosttothebatterychargerisminimized.
Figure1showsthepowerpathcomponents.
Ifthecombinedexternalloadplusbatterychargecurrent
islargeenoughtocausetheswitchingpowersupplyto
reach the programmed input current limit, the battery
chargerwillreduceitschargecurrentbypreciselythe
amountnecessarytoenabletheexternalloadtobesatis-
fied.Evenifthebatterychargecurrentisprogrammedto
exceedtheallowableUSBpower,theUSBspecification
foraverageinputcurrentwillnotbeviolated;thebattery
chargerwillreduceitscurrentasneeded.Furthermore,if
theloadcurrentatVOUTexceedstheprogrammedpower
fromVBUS,theextraloadcurrentwillbedrawnfromthe
batteryviatheidealdiodesevenwhenthebatterycharger
isenabled.
ThecurrentoutofCLPROGisaprecisefractionofthe
VBUScurrent.Whenaprogrammingresistorandanav-
eragingcapacitorareconnectedfromCLPROGtoGND,
the voltage on CLPROG represents the average input
currentoftheswitchingregulator.Astheinputcurrent
approaches the programmed limit, CLPROG reaches
1.18Vandpowerdeliveredbytheswitchingregulator
isheldconstant.
Theinputcurrentlimithaseightpossiblesettingsrang-
ing from the USB suspend limit of 500A up to 1.2A
forwalladapterapplications.Twoofthesesettingsare
specificallyintendedforuseinthe100mAand500mA
USBapplications.
operaTion