參數(shù)資料
型號: LM3310
廠商: National Semiconductor Corporation
英文描述: Step-up PWM DC/DC Converter with Integrated Op-Amp and Gate Pulse Modulation Switch
中文描述: 升壓PWM直流/直流轉(zhuǎn)換器集成的運算放大器和脈沖調(diào)制開關(guān)門
文件頁數(shù): 18/25頁
文件大?。?/td> 1668K
代理商: LM3310
Operation
(Continued)
To ensure a bandwidth of
1
2
or less of the frequency of the
RHP zero, calculate the open-loop DC gain, A
DC
. After this
value is known, you can calculate the crossover visually by
placing a 20dB/decade slope at each pole, and a +20dB/
decade slope for each zero. The point at which the gain plot
crosses unity gain, or 0dB, is the crossover frequency. If the
crossover frequency is less than
1
2
the RHP zero, the phase
margin should be high enough for stability. The phase mar-
gin can also be improved by adding C
as discussed later in
this section. The equation for A
is given below with addi-
tional equations required for the calculation:
mc
)
0.072fs (in V/s)
where R
is the minimum load resistance, V
is the mini-
mum input voltage, g
is the error amplifier transconduc-
tance found in the
Electrical Characteristics
table, and R
D-
SON
is the value chosen from the graph "NMOS R
vs.
Input Voltage" in the
Typical Performance Characteristics
section.
INPUT AND OUTPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION
The switching action of a boost regulator causes a triangular
voltage waveform at the input. A capacitor is required to
reduce the input ripple and noise for proper operation of the
regulator. The size used is dependant on the application and
board layout. If the regulator will be loaded uniformly, with
very little load changes, and at lower current outputs, the
input capacitor size can often be reduced. The size can also
be reduced if the input of the regulator is very close to the
source output. The size will generally need to be larger for
applications where the regulator is supplying nearly the
maximum rated output or if large load steps are expected. A
minimum value of 10μF should be used for the less stressful
condtions while a 22μF to 47μF capacitor may be required
for higher power and dynamic loads. Larger values and/or
lower ESR may be needed if the application requires very
low ripple on the input source voltage.
The choice of output capacitors is also somewhat arbitrary
and depends on the design requirements for output voltage
ripple. It is recommended that low ESR (Equivalent Series
Resistance, denoted R
) capacitors be used such as
ceramic, polymer electrolytic, or low ESR tantalum. Higher
ESR capacitors may be used but will require more compen-
sation which will be explained later on in the section. The
ESR is also important because it determines the peak to
peak output voltage ripple according to the approximate
equation:
V
OUT
)
2
i
L
R
ESR
(in Volts)
A minimum value of 10μF is recommended and may be
increased to a larger value.After choosing the output capaci-
tor you can determine a pole-zero pair introduced into the
control loop by the following equations:
Where R
L
is the minimum load resistance corresponding to
the maximum load current. The zero created by the ESR of
the output capacitor is generally very high frequency if the
ESR is small. If low ESR capacitors are used it can be
neglected. If higher ESR capacitors are used see the
High
Output Capacitor ESR Compensation
section. Some suit-
able capacitor vendors include Vishay, Taiyo-Yuden, and
TDK.
RIGHT HALF PLANE ZERO
A current mode control boost regulator has an inherent right
half plane zero (RHP zero). This zero has the effect of a zero
in the gain plot, causing an imposed +20dB/decade on the
rolloff, but has the effect of a pole in the phase, subtracting
another 90 in the phase plot. This can cause undesirable
effects if the control loop is influenced by this zero. To ensure
the RHP zero does not cause instability issues, the control
loop should be designed to have a bandwidth of less than
1
2
the frequency of the RHP zero. This zero occurs at a fre-
quency of:
where I
LOAD
is the maximum load current.
SELECTING THE COMPENSATION COMPONENTS
The first step in selecting the compensation components R
C
and C
is to set a dominant low frequency pole in the control
loop. Simply choose values for R
and C
C
within the ranges
given in the
Introduction to Compensation
section to set this
pole in the area of 10Hz to 500Hz. The frequency of the pole
created is determined by the equation:
where R
is the output impedance of the error amplifier,
approximately 900k
. Since R
is generally much less than
R
, it does not have much effect on the above equation and
can be neglected until a value is chosen to set the zero f
.
f
is created to cancel out the pole created by the output
capacitor, f
. The output capacitor pole will shift with differ-
ent load currents as shown by the equation, so setting the
zero is not exact. Determine the range of f
over the ex-
pected loads and then set the zero f
to a point approxi-
mately in the middle. The frequency of this zero is deter-
mined by:
L
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18
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