
KS16112/4
9600/14400 bps FAX MODEM
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3 Fax Transmit/Receive
Phase B, D, and E are transmitted using 300 FSK and the messages are transmitted in HDLC frames. Phase C
is either transmitted in HDLC frame, if error correction is required, or without HDLC. The flowcharts on next pages
illustrate how to implement facsimile transmit and receive for HDLC frames and for normal high speed message
transmission.
ITU-T T.30 recommendation provides procedures for facsimile transmission over the PSTN. T.30 recommendation
supports two modes of transmission, low speed FSK with HDLC, and high speed data transmission for facsimile
message. The high speed may or may not support HDLC which depends on implementations of ECM mode
(Error Correction).
The error correction mode is negotiated in phase B of facsimile establishment phase, as shown below. If both
the originating fax and the answering fax modem support error correction, then the high speed message
transmission must be done using the HDLC.
Facsimile transmission is done in 5 phases as shown below,
Phase A. Call establishment. In phase A the originating fax unit will send the CalliNG (CNG) tone to indicate it is
a non-speech terminal. CNG tone is a 1100 Hz tone for a duration of .5 second on and 3 off. The answering
fax will send the CallED (CED) tone. CED tone is a 2100 Hz tone for a duration of 2.6 to 4 sec.
Phase B. Pre-message procedure. Phase B is for identification and selection of required facilities. In phase B the
answering fax will send the DIS (Digital ID Signal) and the originating fax will send DCS (Digital Command
Signal). The train check (TCF) is then transmitted by the originating fax for a duration of 1.5 second. If the
answering fax receives the TCF, it will send CFR (Confirmation to Receive) and the two modem enter Phase C.
Phase C. Message Transmission. In Phase C the facsimile message will be transmitted form the originating fax
to the answering fax unit.
Phase D. Post-message Procedure. In Phase D the transmitter of fax message will send EOM (End Of Message)
and will wait for a response from the answering fax unit. The answering fax unit will in response return one of
the following messages, MCF (Message Confirmation), RTP, RTN, PIP, or PIN.
Phase E. Call Release. After post message signals where exchanged, the two fax units enter phase E (after last
page of message was transmitted) and the originating fax will send DCN (Disconnect) to indicate the Phase E.
DCN message requires no response.