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2513L–AVR–03/2013
ATmega162/V
Pull-up and Bus
Keeper
The pull-up resistors on the AD7:0 ports may be activated if the corresponding Port register is
written to one. To reduce power consumption in sleep mode, it is recommended to disable the
pull-ups by writing the Port register to zero before entering sleep.
The XMEM interface also provides a bus keeper on the AD7:0 lines. The Bus Keeper can be dis-
32. When enabled, the Bus Keeper will keep the previous value on the AD7:0 bus while these
lines are tri-stated by the XMEM interface.
Timing
External memory devices have various timing requirements. To meet these requirements, the
ATmega162 XMEM interface provides four different wait-states as shown in
Table 3. It is impor-
tant to consider the timing specification of the external memory device before selecting the wait-
state. The most important parameters are the access time for the external memory in conjunc-
tion with the set-up requirement of the ATmega162. The access time for the external memory is
defined to be the time from receiving the chip select/address until the data of this address actu-
ally is driven on the bus. The access time cannot exceed the time from the ALE pulse is asserted
low until data must be stable during a read sequence (t
121 on page 272). The different wait-states are set up in software. As an additional feature, it is
possible to divide the external memory space in two sectors with individual wait-state settings.
This makes it possible to connect two different memory devices with different timing require-
ments to the same XMEM interface. For XMEM interface timing details, please refer to
FigureNote that the XMEM interface is asynchronous and that the waveforms in the figures below are
related to the internal system clock. The skew between the internal and external clock (XTAL1)
is not guaranteed (it varies between devices, temperature, and supply voltage). Consequently,
the XMEM interface is not suited for synchronous operation.
Figure 13. External Data Memory Cycles without Wait-state
(SRWn1 = 0 and SRWn0 =0)
Note:
1. SRWn1 = SRW11 (upper sector) or SRW01 (lower sector), SRWn0 = SRW10 (upper sector) or
SRW00 (lower sector).
The ALE pulse in period T4 is only present if the next instruction accesses the RAM (internal
or external).
ALE
T1
T2
T3
Wr
ite
Read
WR
T4
A15:8
Address
Prev. addr.
DA7:0
Address
Data
Prev. data
XX
RD
DA7:0 (XMBK = 0)
Data
Address
Data
Prev. data
Address
DA7:0 (XMBK = 1)
System Clock (CLKCPU)