5-19
HV-2405E
Optimizing Design
(World-Wide Supply)
Selecting the Storage Capacitor C2
For applications requiring less than 50mA or the full input
voltage range, the value of C2 can be reduced for a more
cost effective solution. The minimum C2 capacitor value is
determined by the intersection between the maximum input
voltage and the output current curve in Figure 4. (Note, for
50Hz operation see Figure 19 in section titled “Typical Per-
formance Curves”.) Advantages of making C2 as small as
possible are:
Reduced total size and cost of the circuit.
Reduced start up time.
Consideration should be given to the tolerance and tempera-
ture coefficient of the C2 value selected. (Note; momentary
peak output current demands should be considered in the
sizing of C2. Increasing the output capacitor C4 is another
way to supply momentary peak current demands.)
FIGURE 4. MINIMUM C2 VALUE vs INPUT VOLTAGE
The following example illustrates the method for determining
the minimum C2 value required:
EXAMPLE
Requirements: V
OUT
= 5V to 24V, I
OUT
= 35mA, V
IN(max)
=
120Vrms, 60Hz.
For the given conditions, the minimum C2 value (from Figure
4) is determined to be 220
μ
F.
Determining the Power Dissipation in R1
Circuit efficiency is limited by the power dissipation in R1.
The power dissipation for 240Vrms and 120Vrms is shown in
Figure 5.
For input voltages other than 240Vrms or 120Vrms equation
10 can be used to determine the power dissipation in R1.
Example: R
1
= 100
, Input Voltage = 240Vrms, I
OUT
=
50mA, P
D
= 4.8W
Pd = 2.8
(EQ. 10)
275
240
210
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
I
0
75 100
220
330
470
10mA
35mA
25mA
C2 (
μ
F)
OFFLINE WORLD-WIDE SUPPLY
50mA
√
R1 Vrms (I
OUT
)
3
NOTE: Under short circuit conditions the P
D
in R1
decreases to 1.2W Due to fold back current limiting (I
OUT
=
20mA, Reference Figure 6).
FIGURE 5. POWER DISSIPATION IN R1 vs LOAD CURRENT
Operation Information
Effects of Temperature on Output Current:
Figure 6 shows the effects of temperature on the output
current for the circuit shown in Figure 1. Figure 6 illustrates
operation with the output configured for 5V. Temperature
effects on the output current for V
OUT
= 24V operation is
similar. The foldback current limiting is the result of reduced
voltage on C2. The circuit delivers 50mA output current
across the specified temperature range of -40
o
C to +85
o
C
for all output voltages between 5V and 24V. The effect of
decreasing the value of C2 (470
μ
F) reduces the maximum
output current (i.e. moves curve to the left). For all C2 values
selected from Figure 4 (assuming tolerance and temperature
coefficient are taken into account) the circuit meets the
expected output current across the above mentioned
temperature range.
FIGURE 6. OUTPUT CURRENT vs TEMPERATURE
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
P
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
10
20
30
40
50
120Vrms
OFFLINE WORLD-WIDE SUPPLY (R1 = 100
)
240Vrms
5
4
3
2
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
O
OFFLINE WORLD-WIDE SUPPLY
+85
o
C
+25
o
C
-40
o
C
Application Information
(Continued)