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AP242401 04.99
Ceramic Resonator Oscillators of the
C500 / C166 Microcontroller Family
7.3.2 Procedure of a Loop Gain (Safety Factor) Test in the Application
When the values for C
X1
, C
X2
, R
x2
and R
f
are already qualified then the analysis of the Safety Factor
is performed. This is done with a typical ceramic resonator and by variation of temperature and
supply voltage. For the analysis V
DD
of the system (oscillator) is periodically switched on and off as
shown in figure 4 of chapter ’Oscillator start-up Time’.
The value of R
Q
is increased until the oscillation does not start any more. From the state of no
oscillation R
Q
is then decreased until oscillation starts again. This final value of R
Q
(R
Qmax
) is used
for further calculations of the Safety Factor SF. The principle how to analyze and calculate the
safety factor is shown in ApNote 2420xx.
The calculation of the Safety Factor for a ceramic resonator requires also the equivalent circuit
constants of the device. Because of knowing the problems to get the real values for the test ceramic
resonator this ApNote offers a minimum value for R
Q
(R
Qmin
). For a rough estimation of the start-up
reliability used during evaluation it is sufficient when the measured maximum R
Q
(R
Qmax
) is at least
the value of R
Qmin
shown in the table below. If the primary way results in more different values for
the load capacitors then the configuration with the measured maximum R
Q
resistor is selected for
the application.
Note: The R
Qmin
values in table 8 are only for evaluation systems and show an order of this values.
The Safety Factor of the final board for mass production should be verified by Murata.
Table 8
Ceramic Resonator Types and recommended R
Qmin
Type
C
X1
= C
X2
[pF]
30
R
Qmin
[
]
1400
CSA4.00MG
100
1400
CSA8.00MTZ
30
800
100
500
CSA10.0MTZ
30
600
100
400
CSA20.00MXZ040
CSACV20.00MXJ040
5
300
15
300
30
300
CSA40.00MXZ040
CSACV40.00MXJ040
5
200
15
100
22
300
P