
AN-29
5
D
2/03
Other Key Considerations
We have seen how to use the information provided by the
TOPSwitch-GX 
Quick Selection Curves.  However there are
other key factors to consider when completing the power supply
design. These can produce results that differ from the predictions
of the Quick Selection Curves.
Factors which can lower the performance:
 Input capacitor tolerance and aging should be taken into
account.  Lower capacitance decreases the DC input voltage,
increasing primary RMS currents and hence giving larger
conduction losses in the device chosen.
 In production, the primary inductance of the transformer
will also have a significant tolerance.  Inductances higher
than those in Tables 1 to 4 will cause the power supply to
operate beyond recommended design guidelines (K
 too
low).  Values of primary inductance significantly lower than
those in Tables 1 to 4 would lead to higher peak and RMS
drain current in the 
TOPSwitch-GX
 MOSFET.  This causes
an increase in device dissipation and also causes the device
to reach current limit at less than maximum load.
 The Quick Selection Curves assume that the AC Input
voltage waveform is a pure sine wave. If the input voltage
waveform is distorted, the resultant peak voltage on the input
bulk capacitor may be much lower than anticipated. This
causes the 
TOPSwitch-GX
 device to reach current limit or
duty cycle limit at less than the maximum possible load.
Therefore, in locations where significant line distortion is
expected, the designer should provide a suitable design margin.
This can be accomplished by derating maximum output power
or increasing the input capacitance.
 Some wattmeters give erroneous readings when the current
has a high crest factor. It is important to use an instrument
designed for the purpose.  The Voltech PM100 is an example.
 Minimum line frequency is important. A low line frequency
requires larger carryover periods for the input bulk capacitor,
causing high voltage ripple across it. If the line frequency
expected to be lower than 50 Hz, the input capacitor should
be sized appropriately or the maximum output power be
derated.
TYPICAL 5 V OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY COMPONENT PARAMETERS
PARAMETER
Maximum Transformer
Primary Inductance Lp
Transformer Leakage
Inductance
Secondary Trace
Inductance
Transformer Resonant
Frequency (secondary
open)
Transformer Primary
AC Resistance
Transformer Secondary
AC Resistance
Output Capacitor
Equivalent Series
Resistance @100 kHz
Output Inductor DC
Resistance
Common Mode Inductor
DC Resistance 
(both legs)
Core Loss
Units
μ
H
242Y
3190
243Y
1593
244Y
1062
245Y
797
246Y
531
247Y
398
248Y
319
249Y
265
%/Lp
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
nH
20
20
20
20
19
16
13
10
kHz
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
m
4600
2400
1600
1200
1000
800
600
400
m
12
6
4
3
2
1
0.75
0.5
m
18
9
6
5
4
3
2
1
m
6
4.5
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
m
370
340
310
280
250
220
190
160
%/PIN
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
 SINGLE VOLTAGE INPUT (230 VAC 
±
 15%)
Table 4.  Typical Power Supply Component Parameters for a TOPSwitch-GX Flyback Power Supply with a Single Input (5 V output).