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and are not influenced by the number of output windings.
There are, however, two secondary winding techniques
commonly used in margin wound transformers.  These are
described below and summarized in Table 3. Other transformer
constructions such as slotted bobbin and concentric bobbin
designs may demand other considerations. The designer should
consult with the specific transformer supplier to insure the
optimum technique in each case.
Separate Output Windings
The winding diagram of Figure 3(a) shows each output wound
as a separate coil.  In this way each winding conducts only
current associated with the specific load on that output.  Since
each output is wound as a separate operation, this construction
technique provides flexibility in the placement of output
windings relative to the primary winding.  This freedom can be
an important consideration in multiple output transformers to
minimize the leakage inductance.
The leakage inductance of a transformer is the inductance
associated with flux which does not link all windings.  As such,
this flux does not contribute to the transfer of energy.  In single
output transformer structures, all the leakage is usually measured
on the primary by shorting the output winding and measuring
the resulting inductance of the primary.  This provides a good
estimate of the energy which the primary clamp circuitry will
dissipate.  In Figure 1, components D1 and VR1 are specified
for clamping the leakage energy.
However, in a multiple output design, there are leakage
inductances associated with each output winding according to
its coupling to the primary and to other secondary windings.
Placement of the output windings should be made to minimize
the leakage inductance associated with outputs that provide the
most current.  For example, in the circuit design of this
application note, the 5 V and 12 V outputs handle most of the
power with 2 A and 1.2 A respectively, while the 30 V output
has a load of only 20 mA.  The windings therefore should be
Figure 4.  Schematic of Multiple Output 25 W Power Supply with Stacked Secondary Windings.
5 V
RTN
BR1
400 V
C1
68 
μ
F
400 V
U1
TOP223
R2
100 
1/2 W
D8
MBR745
D3
1N4148
C2
1000 
μ
F
35 V
T1
D1
BYV26C
C7*
1000 pF
250VAC
Y1
C3
120 
μ
F
25 V
U2
CNY 17-2
U3
TL431
R4
10 k
R5
10 k
C9
0.1 
μ
F
R1
75 
VR1
P6KE200
L1
3.3 
μ
H
F1
1.0 A
J1
C8
0.1 
μ
F
L2
33 mH
L
N
* Two series connected, 2.2 nF, Y2-capacitors can replace C7.
D4
MUR420
L3
3.3 
μ
H
D5
UF4004
C12
100 
μ
F
50 V
30 V
C11
100 
μ
F
35 V
C6
100 
μ
F
50V
12 V
C5
47 
μ
F
D
S
C
CONTROL
R3
5.2 
TOPSwitch-II
C10
390 
μ
F
35 V
PI-2125-121197
C4
0.1 
μ
F