AD8205
Data Sheet
Rev. | Page 8 of 12
THEORY OF OPERATION
The AD8205 is a single-supply difference amplifier that uses a
unique architecture to accurately amplify small differential
current shunt voltages in the presence of rapidly changing
common-mode voltages.
In typical applications, the AD8205 is used to measure current
by amplifying the voltage across a current shunt placed across
the inputs.
The gain of the AD8205 is 50 V/V, with an accuracy of 1.2%.
This accuracy for the Y and W Grade is guaranteed over the
operating temperature range of 40°C to +125°C. The H Grade
version of the AD8205 is specified for operation from 40°C to
+150°C.
The input offset is less than 2 mV referred to the input at 25°C,
and 4.5 mV maximum referred to the input over the full
operating temperature range for the packaged part.
The AD8205 operates with a single supply from 4.5 V to
10 V (absolute maximum = 12.5 V). The supply current is
less than 2 mA.
High accuracy trimming of the internal resistors allows the
AD8205 to have a common-mode rejection ratio better than
78 dB from dc to 20 kHz.
The output offset can be adjusted from 0.05 V to 4.8 V (V+ = 5 V)
for unipolar and bipolar operation.
The AD8205 consists of two amplifiers (A1 and A2), a resistor
network, small voltage reference, and a bias circuit (not shown),
The set of input attenuators preceding A1 consist of RA, RB, and
RC, which reduce the common-mode voltage to match the input
voltage range of A1. The two attenuators form a balanced bridge
network. When the bridge is balanced, the differential voltage
created by a common-mode voltage is 0 V at the inputs of A1.
The input attenuation ratio is 1/16.7. The combined series
resistance of RA, RB, and RC is approximately 200 k ± 20%.
By attenuating the voltages at Pin 1 and Pin 8, the A1 amplifier
inputs are held within the power supply range, even if Pin 1 and
Pin 8 exceed the supply or fall below common (ground). A
reference voltage of 250 mV biases the attenuator above ground.
This allows the amplifier to operate in the presence of negative
common-mode voltages.
The input network also attenuates normal (differential) mode
voltages. A1 amplifies the attenuated signal by 26. The input
and output of this amplifier are differential to maximize the ac
common-mode rejection.
A2 converts the differential voltage from A1 into a single-ended
signal and provides further amplification. The gain of this
second stage is 32.15.
The reference inputs, VREF1 and VREF2, are tied through resistors
to the positive input of A2, which allows the output offset to be
adjusted anywhere in the output operating range. The gain is
1 V/V from the reference pins to the output when the reference
pins are used in parallel. The gain is 0.5 V/V when they are used
to divide the supply.
The ratios of Resistors RA, RB, RC, RD, and RF are trimmed to a
high level of precision to allow the common-mode rejection
ratio to exceed 80 dB. This is accomplished by laser trimming
the resistor ratio matching to better than 0.01%.
The total gain of 50 is made up of the input attenuation of
1/16.7 multiplied by the first stage gain of 26 and the second
stage gain of 32.15.
The output stage is Class A with a PNP pull-up transistor and a
300 A current sink pull-down.
04315-0-012
AD8205
+IN
–IN
250mV
GND
A1
A2
RA
RB
RF
RD
RE
RF
RC
VOUT
RREF
VREF1
VREF2
Figure 13. Simplified Schematic
D