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Mixed Mode Circuit Design
In any mixed mode circuit care must be taken to keep the
high slew-rate digital signals from interfering with the high
precision analog signals. A successful design will take
this into consideration from many angles and will account
for it in digital timing, logic family selected, PCB layout,
analog signal bandwidth and a myriad of other aspects.
Below are a few tips that should be kept in mind when
designing a circuit that involves both analog and digital
circuitry.
Timing
If the analog signals going through the CLC533 are to be
sampled, try to minimize the amount of digital logic
switching concurrent with the sampling instant.
Power Supply Net
In an analog system the ideal situation would have each
circuit element completely isolated from all others except
for the intended connections. One of the most common
ways for unwanted connections to be made is through the
power supplies and ground. These are often shared by
all of the circuits in the system. Refer to the section on
power supplies and grounding for tips on how to avoid these
pitfalls.
Logic Family Selection
When designing digital logic, there are often several logic
families that will provide a solution to the problem at
hand.
Although they may perform equally in a
digital sense, they may have varying degrees of
influence on the analog circuits in the same system.
Coupling of digital signals with analog signals through
stray capacitances is rarely a problem for the digital logic
but can be a detrimental to an otherwise good analog
design.
To minimize coupling, lay out the board to
minimize
the
stray
capacitances
as
much
as
possible: if an analog and a digital signal must cross,
make them cross at right angles and avoid long
parallel runs. If a 74LS00 will work in a socket, using a
74F00 will probably have no effect on the digital
circuitry, but the faster edges will find it easier to
corrupt analog signals.
When faced with a choice
between several logic families, select the slowest one
possible to get the job done. Don’t forget that the slew
rates of digital logic depend not only on the rise and fall
times, but on the output swing as well. ECL gates with a
1ns rise time have much slower slew rates than TTL
gates with the same rise times. Do not attempt to slow
logic edge rates through the addition of capacitance on
the logic lines.
The negative effects that digital logic has on power supplies
is not constant through different logic families. CMOS
logic draws current only during transitions. The surge
currents that it draws at these times can be quite significant
and can be very disruptive to the power and ground net-
works. ECL tends to draw constant amounts of current
and has a much smaller effect on the power net.
Gain Selection for an ADC
In many applications, such as RADAR, the dynamic
range
requirements
may
exceed
the
accuracy
requirements. Since wide dynamic range ADCs are also
typically highly accurate ADCs this often leads the
designer into an ADC which is a technical overkill and a
budget buster. By using the CLC533 as a selectable gain
stage, a less expensive A/D can be used. For example, if
an application calls for 85dB of dynamic range and 0.05%
accuracy, rather than using a 16 bit converter, use a 12
bit converter with the circuit shown below. In this circuit
the CLC533 is used to select between the input signal
and version of the input signal attenuated by 6, 12 and
18dB.
This circuit affords better than 14 bit dynamic
range, 12 bit accuracy and a 12 bit price.
By using
resistors of all the same value, a single resistor network
can be used which can assure good matching of the
resistors, even over temperature.
Figure 6
Evaluation Board
Evaluation boards are available for both the DIP
versions (Part number CLC730035) and SOIC version
(part number CLC730039) of the CLC533. These boards
can be used for fast, trouble free evaluation and charac-
terization of the CLC533. Additionally this board serves
an example of a successful PCB layout that can be
copied into applications circuits. A separate data sheet
for the evaluation board can be obtained.
Vin
CLC533
R
Vout
Gain Select
A1
A0
A
B
C
D
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