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Self-Powered Hub Port Protection Topologies
12
SLVA049
Output Capacitance
A minimum of 120-
μ
F low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) output
capacitance is required per hub (i.e., a four-port hub can use a minimum of
33
μ
F per port) to bypass the Vbus power lines. The hot plug droop voltages
should be considered when choosing the type of capacitor. The ESR of the output
capacitor affects the V
bus
voltage droop during hot plugging when the maximum
allowable USB load of 10
μ
F in parallel with 44
,
or a high-power bus-powered
device, transitions from low-power mode to high-power mode. The cable length
and load capacitor ESR determines the peak inrush current and the maximum
voltage droop.
For low voltage applications, solid tantalum capacitors take up less physical
space for the same capacitance and voltage rating than aluminum electrolytic
capacitors, and do not suffer from electrolyte dry out, which limits the life
expectancy of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. To meet the USB specification,
tantalum capacitors as low as 33
μ
F, 47
μ
F, and 68
μ
F can be used in four-, three-,
and two-port hubs, respectively. If through-hole components are preferred for the
output capacitors, 100-
μ
F aluminum electrolytic capacitors with less than 1
of
ESR can be used to meet the voltage droop requirement. Table 4 summarizes
the data for capacitors used to test voltage droop.
Table 4. Output Capacitors Used in Testing Voltage Droop
VALUE
33
μ
F
47
μ
F
68
μ
F
100
μ
F
ESR AT 100 kHz
CAPACITOR TYPE
PART NUMBER
MANUFACTURER
0.90
Tantalum
293D336X0010D2T
Vishay Sprague
0.70
Tantalum
293D476X0010D2T
Vishay Sprague
0.70
Tantalum
293D686X0010D2T
Vishay Sprague
0.46
HFQ Radial Aluminum Electrolytic
ECA-1AFQ101
Panasonic
Ferrite Beads
Ferrite beads should be used in series with each Vbus, ground, and data line to
reduce EMI and voltage droop during hot-plug events. Table 5 lists the ferrite
beads used in the testing of the TPS20xx parts. The ferrite beads that were used
have low dc resistance that has minimal impact on voltage regulation.
Table 5. Ferrite Beads Used in Testing Voltage Droop
IMPEDANCE (
)
AT 100 MHz
DC RESISTANCE
(m
)
FERRITE BEAD
PART NUMBER
MANUFACTURER
80
10
Ferrite bead surface mount
ACB-1812-5.0A
Associated Components Technology
80
0.9
Ferrite bead surface mount
SMB40
Allied Components
95
0.9
Ferrite bead surface mount
2743037447
Fair-Rite
Transient OC Pin Response
The hot-plug connection of the legal USB load of a 10-
μ
F and 44-
load to an
enabled power switch device may cause a false overcurrent response when the
inrush current flows through the device, charging the down stream capacitor. An
RC filter must be connected to the OC pin shown in Figure 11 to reduce the
erroneous OC responses. Also, using low ESR, large value, electrolytic
capacitors on the output of the devices reduces the pulse width or eliminates the
false OC response by minimizing the current flow through the device during the
hot-plug events, thereby providing a lower impedance energy source.