3-256
TELCOM SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
Figure 7. Common-Mode Voltage Removed in Battery Operation With V
IN
= Analog Common
In systems where common-mode voltages exist, the
86 dB common-mode rejection ratio minimizes error. Com-
mon-mode voltages do, however, affect the integrator out-
put level. A worst-case condition exists if a large positive
V
CM
exists in conjunction with a full-scale negative differ-
ential signal. The negative signal drives the integrator
output positive along with V
CM
(see Figure 8.) For such
applications, the integrator output swing can be reduced
below the recommended 2V full-scale swing. The integra-
tor output will swing within 0.3V of V
+
or V
–
without in-
creased linearity error.
Differential Reference
V
+
The reference voltage can be generated anywhere
within the V
+
to V
–
power supply range.
To prevent roll-over type errors being induced by large
common-mode voltages, C
REF
should be large compared to
stray node capacitance.
REF
(Pin 36), V
–
REF
(Pin 35)
The TC7136/A offers a significantly improved analog
common temperature coefficient. This potential provides a
very stable voltage, suitable for use as a voltage reference.
The temperature coefficient of analog common is typically
35 ppm/
°
C.
ANALOG COMMON (Pin 32)
The analog common pin is set at a voltage potential
approximately 3V below V
+
. The potential is guaranteed to
be between 2.7V and 3.35V below V
+
. Analog common is
tied internally to an N-channel FET capable of sinking
100
μ
A. This FET will hold the common line at 3V below V
+
if an external load attempts to pull the common line toward
V
+
. Analog common source current is limited to 1
μ
A. Analog
common is therefore easily pulled to a more negative
voltage (i.e., below V
+
– 3V).
The TC7136/A connects the internal V
IN
puts to analog common during the auto-zero phase. During
the reference-integrate phase, V
IN
common. If V
IN
mon, a common-mode voltage exists, but is rejected by the
converter's 86 dB common-mode rejection ratio. In battery
operation, analog common and V
IN
removing common-mode voltage concerns. In systems where
V
IN
voltage, analog common should be connected to V
–
The analog common pin serves to set the analog sec-
tion reference, or common point. The TC7136A is specifi-
cally designed to operate from a battery or in any measure-
ment system where input signals are not referenced (float)
with respect to the TC7136A power source. The analog
common potential of V
+
–3V gives a 7V end of battery life
voltage. The common potential has a 0.001%/% voltage
coefficient.
With sufficiently high total supply voltage (V
+
–V
–
>7V),
+
and V
IN
–
in-
–
is connected to analog
–
is not externally connected to analog com-
–
are usually connected,
–
is connected to the power supply ground or to a given
IN
Figure 8. Common-Mode Voltage Reduces Available Integrator
Swing (V
COM
≠
V
IN
)
VBUF
V+
CAZ
VINT
BP
POL
SEGMENT
DRIVE
OSC1
OSC3
V–
V+
V+
VR–
ANALOG
COMMON
V–
V+
V–
V+
GND
GND
MEASURED
SYSTEM
POWER
SOURCE
9V
LCD
TC7136
TC7136A
+
V–
R
I
+
–
V
IN
V
C
I
INTEGRATOR
V
I
=
[
[
V
CM
V
IN
–
INPUT
BUFFER
C
I
=
R
I
=
Integration capacitor
Integration resistor
4000
f
OSC
Integration time
T
I
=
=
Where:
V
I
CM
–
+
–
+
TI
RI CI
TC7136
TC7136A
LOW POWER, 3-1/2 DIGIT
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS