Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
186
Figure 4. Bipolar Guarding
-
+
V
OUT
15
16
14
Guard
R
FB
I
OUT1
I
OUT2
SP9316
V
REF
-
+
Figure 3. Unipolar Guarding
R
FB
I
OUT1
I
OUT2
-
+
V
OUT
15
16
14
SP9316
Guard
rated from the device drift, and that all measure-
ments are taken at identical temperatures. The
long–term drift of the
SP9316
voltage output
system transfer function, after initial op amp
trim, will largely be determined by the choice of
the external components. For minimum offset
error the op amps should be trimmed after one
hour of continuous operation. The
SP9316
con-
tribution to the offset drift after that time will be
±
0.1ppm/
°
C per 1000 hours. The long–term
gain drift error contribution of the
SP9316
is
±
1
ppm/
°
C per 1000 hours. Also to be considered
are the temperature coefficients of the external
resistors, the op amp drift specifications and the
stability of the reference. The
SIPEX
HS2700LD
, with a stability drift of 3ppm/
°
C, is
recommended as a suitable voltage reference.
The unique segmented architecture of the
SP9316
resistor network, plus the low–TCR
nichrome materials and processes used in its
manufacture, results in an exceptionally low
linearity drift with time. Typical differential
linearity drift with temperature is 0.1ppm/
°
C.
APPLICATION
Digitally–Controlled Low Pass Filter
The
SP9316
can be used to construct active
filters which display very low noise and distor-
tion characteristics. Low pass filters can be
designed to provide digital control over center
frequency, gain and Q-factor. The
SP9316
is an
ideal high resolution element for this applica-
tion.
Figure 5
shows a low–pass filter designed
to be independent of the resistance of the
SP9316
network by using it as a programmable gain
element. The filter characteristic is given by:
V
OUT
V
IN
–R
3
R
1
1
1+ j
ω
R
3
R
4
C
(
R
2
D
)
=
(
)
where D is the binary code applied to the DAC
and C is the value of the capacitor.
LSB LATCH
CONTROL
REFERENCE
INPUT
MSB LATCH
CONTROL
I
OUT2
I
OUT1
FEEDBACK
5K‰
15
14
16
19
13
20
RPR& SWICHES
BIT: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ANA GND +15V
5
4
18
17
3
2
1
24 23 22 21
BIT: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1(MSB)
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
INPUT REGISTER
INPUT REGISTER
SP9316
–
+
A
1
–
+
V
IN
R
1
R
2
+5V
R
3
–
+
V
OUT
R
4
C
A
2
A
3
V
OUT
V
IN
–R
3
R
1
1
1+ j
ω
R
3
R
4
C
(
R
2
D
)
=
(
)
Figure 5. Digitally–Controlled Low–Pass Filter