參數資料
型號: PIC18F46K20-I/MV
廠商: Microchip Technology
文件頁數: 167/234頁
文件大小: 0K
描述: MCU PIC 64KB FLASH 40QFN
產品培訓模塊: 8-bit PIC® Microcontroller Portfolio
標準包裝: 73
系列: PIC® XLP™ 18F
核心處理器: PIC
芯體尺寸: 8-位
速度: 64MHz
連通性: I²C,SPI,UART/USART
外圍設備: 欠壓檢測/復位,HLVD,POR,PWM,WDT
輸入/輸出數: 35
程序存儲器容量: 64KB(32K x 16)
程序存儲器類型: 閃存
EEPROM 大小: 1K x 8
RAM 容量: 3.8K x 8
電壓 - 電源 (Vcc/Vdd): 1.8 V ~ 3.6 V
數據轉換器: A/D 14x10b
振蕩器型: 內部
工作溫度: -40°C ~ 85°C
封裝/外殼: 40-UFQFN 裸露焊盤
包裝: 管件
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dsPIC33F
DS70165E-page 36
Preliminary
2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
The SA and SB bits are modified each time data
passes through the adder/subtracter, but can only be
cleared by the user. When set, they indicate that the
accumulator has overflowed its maximum range (bit 31
for 32-bit saturation or bit 39 for 40-bit saturation) and
will be saturated (if saturation is enabled). When
saturation is not enabled, SA and SB default to bit 39
overflow and, thus, indicate that a catastrophic over-
flow has occurred. If the COVTE bit in the INTCON1
register is set, SA and SB bits will generate an
arithmetic warning trap when saturation is disabled.
The Overflow and Saturation Status bits can optionally
be viewed in the STATUS Register (SR) as the logical
OR of OA and OB (in bit OAB) and the logical OR of SA
and SB (in bit SAB). This allows programmers to check
one bit in the STATUS register to determine if either
accumulator has overflowed, or one bit to determine if
either accumulator has saturated. This would be useful
for complex number arithmetic which typically uses
both the accumulators.
The device supports three Saturation and Overflow
modes:
1.
Bit 39 Overflow and Saturation:
When bit 39 overflow and saturation occurs, the
saturation logic loads the maximally positive 9.31
(0x7FFFFFFFFF), or maximally negative 9.31
value (0x8000000000), into the target accumula-
tor. The SA or SB bit is set and remains set until
cleared by the user. This is referred to as ‘super
saturation’ and provides protection against erro-
neous data or unexpected algorithm problems
(e.g., gain calculations).
2.
Bit 31 Overflow and Saturation:
When bit 31 overflow and saturation occurs, the
saturation logic then loads the maximally posi-
tive 1.31 value (0x007FFFFFFF), or maximally
negative 1.31 value (0x0080000000), into the
target accumulator. The SA or SB bit is set and
remains set until cleared by the user. When this
Saturation mode is in effect, the guard bits are
not used (so the OA, OB or OAB bits are never
set).
3.
Bit 39 Catastrophic Overflow:
The bit 39 Overflow Status bit from the adder is
used to set the SA or SB bit, which remains set
until cleared by the user. No saturation operation
is performed and the accumulator is allowed to
overflow (destroying its sign). If the COVTE bit in
the INTCON1 register is set, a catastrophic
overflow can initiate a trap exception.
2.6.2.2
Accumulator ‘Write Back’
The MAC class of instructions (with the exception of
MPY,
MPY.N,
ED
and EDAC) can optionally write a
rounded version of the high word (bits 31 through 16)
of the accumulator that is not targeted by the instruction
into data space memory. The write is performed across
the X bus into combined X and Y address space. The
following addressing modes are supported:
1.
W13, Register Direct:
The
rounded
contents
of
the
non-target
accumulator
are
written
into
W13
as
a
1.15 fraction.
2.
[W13]+ = 2, Register Indirect with Post-Increment:
The rounded contents of the non-target accumu-
lator are written into the address pointed to by
W13
as
a
1.15
fraction.
W13
is
then
incremented by 2 (for a word write).
2.6.2.3
Round Logic
The round logic is a combinational block which
performs a conventional (biased) or convergent
(unbiased) round function during an accumulator write
(store). The Round mode is determined by the state of
the RND bit in the CORCON register. It generates a
16-bit, 1.15 data value which is passed to the data
space write saturation logic. If rounding is not indicated
by the instruction, a truncated 1.15 data value is stored
and the least significant word is simply discarded.
Conventional rounding zero-extends bit 15 of the accu-
mulator and adds it to the ACCxH word (bits 16 through
31 of the accumulator). If the ACCxL word (bits 0
through 15 of the accumulator) is between 0x8000 and
0xFFFF (0x8000 included), ACCxH is incremented. If
ACCxL is between 0x0000 and 0x7FFF, ACCxH is left
unchanged. A consequence of this algorithm is that
over a succession of random rounding operations, the
value tends to be biased slightly positive.
Convergent (or unbiased) rounding operates in the
same manner as conventional rounding, except when
ACCxL equals 0x8000. In this case, the Least Signifi-
cant bit (bit 16 of the accumulator) of ACCxH is
examined. If it is ‘1’, ACCxH is incremented. If it is ‘0’,
ACCxH is not modified. Assuming that bit 16 is
effectively random in nature, this scheme removes any
rounding bias that may accumulate.
The SAC and SAC.R instructions store either a
truncated (SAC), or rounded (SAC.R) version of the
contents of the target accumulator to data memory via
the
X
bus,
subject
to
data
saturation
(see
the
MAC
class of
instructions,
the accumulator
write-back operation will function in the same manner,
addressing combined MCU (X and Y) data space
though the X bus. For this class of instructions, the data
is always subject to rounding.
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