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| 型號(hào)： | PIC16CR73 |
| 廠商： | Microchip Technology Inc. |
| 英文描述： | 28/40-Pin, 8-Bit CMOS ROM Microcontrollers |
| 中文描述： | 28/40-Pin，8位微控制器的CMOS光盤(pán) |
| 文件頁(yè)數(shù)： | 75/172頁(yè) |
| 文件大?。?/td> | 1506K |
| 代理商： | PIC16CR73 |
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2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS21993C-page 73
PIC16CR7X
10.2
USART Asynchronous Mode
In this mode, the USART uses standard non-return-to-
zero (NRZ) format (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits,
and one Stop bit). The most common data format is 8-
bits. An on-chip, dedicated, 8-bit baud rate generator
can be used to derive standard baud rate frequencies
from the oscillator. The USART transmits and receives
the LSb first. The USART’s transmitter and receiver are
functionally independent, but use the same data format
and baud rate. The baud rate generator produces a
clock, either x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending
on bit BRGH (TXSTA<2>). Parity is not supported by
the hardware, but can be implemented in software (and
stored as the ninth data bit). Asynchronous mode is
stopped during Sleep.
Asynchronous mode is selected by clearing bit SYNC
(TXSTA<4>).
The USART Asynchronous module consists of the
following important elements:
Baud Rate Generator
Sampling Circuit
Asynchronous Transmitter
Asynchronous Receiver
10.2.1
USART ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMITTER
The USART transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 10-1. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(serial) Shift Register (TSR). The shift register obtains its
data from the read/write transmit buffer, TXREG. The
TXREG register is loaded with data by firmware. The
TSR register is not loaded until the Stop bit has been
transmitted from the previous load. As soon as the Stop
bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded with new data from
the TXREG register (if available). Once the TXREG
register transfers the data to the TSR register, the
TXREG register is empty. One instruction cycle later,
flag bit TXIF (PIR1<4>) and flag bit TRMT (TXSTA<1>)
are set. The TXIF interrupt can be enabled/disabled by
setting/clearing enable bit TXIE (PIE1<4>). Flag bit TXIF
will be set, regardless of the state of enable bit TXIE and
cannot be cleared in software. It will reset only when new
data is loaded into the TXREG register. While flag bit
TXIF indicates the status of the TXREG register, another
bit TRMT (TXSTA<1>) shows the status of the TSR
register. Status bit TRMT is a read-only bit, which is set
one instruction cycle after the TSR register becomes
empty, and is cleared one instruction cycle after the TSR
register is loaded. No interrupt logic is tied to this bit, so
the user has to poll this bit in order to determine if the
TSR register is empty.
Transmission is enabled by setting enable bit TXEN
(TXSTA<5>). The actual transmission will not occur
until the TXREG register has been loaded with data
and the baud rate generator (BRG) has produced a
shift clock (Figure 10-2). The transmission can also be
started by first loading the TXREG register and then
setting enable bit TXEN. Normally, when transmission
is first started, the TSR register is empty. At that point,
transfer to the TXREG register will result in an immedi-
ate transfer to TSR, resulting in an empty TXREG. A
back-to-back transfer is thus possible (Figure 10-3).
Clearing enable bit TXEN during a transmission will
cause the transmission to be aborted and will reset the
transmitter. As a result, the RC6/TX/CK pin will revert
to high-impendance.
In order to select 9-bit transmission, transmit bit TX9
(TXSTA<6>) should be set and the ninth bit should be
written to TX9D (TXSTA<0>). The ninth bit must be
written before writing the 8-bit data to the TXREG
register. This is because a data write to the TXREG
register can result in an immediate transfer of the data
to the TSR register (if the TSR is empty). In such a
case, an incorrect ninth data bit may be loaded in the
TSR register.
Note 1:
The TSR register is not mapped in data
memory, so it is not available to the user.
2:
Flag bit TXIF is set when enable bit TXEN
is set. TXIF is cleared by loading TXREG.
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