Chapter 2 Pins and Connections
MC9S08GB60A Data Sheet, Rev. 2
Freescale Semiconductor
29
2.3.1
Power
VDD and VSS are the primary power supply pins for the MCU. This voltage source supplies power to all
I/O buffer circuitry and to an internal voltage regulator. The internal voltage regulator provides regulated
lower-voltage source to the CPU and other internal circuitry of the MCU.
Typically, application systems have two separate capacitors across the power pins. In this case, there
should be a bulk electrolytic capacitor, such as a 10-
μF tantalum capacitor, to provide bulk charge storage
for the overall system and a 0.1-
μF ceramic bypass capacitor located as close to the MCU power pins as
practical to suppress high-frequency noise.
VDDAD and VSSAD are the analog power supply pins for the MCU. This voltage source supplies power to
the ATD. A 0.1-
μF ceramic bypass capacitor should be located as close to the MCU power pins as practical
to suppress high-frequency noise.
2.3.2
Oscillator
Out of reset, the MCU uses an internally generated clock (self-clocked mode — fSelf_reset), that is
approximately equivalent to an 8-MHz crystal rate. This frequency source is used during reset startup and
can be enabled as the clock source for stop recovery to avoid the need for a long crystal startup delay. This
MCU also contains a trimmable internal clock generator (ICG) module that can be used to run the MCU.
The oscillator in this MCU is a Pierce oscillator that can accommodate a crystal or ceramic resonator in
either of two frequency ranges selected by the RANGE bit in the ICGC1 register. Rather than a crystal or
ceramic resonator, an external oscillator can be connected to the EXTAL input pin, and the XTAL output
pin can be used as general I/O.
Refer to Figure 2-4 for the following discussion. RS (when used) and RF should be low-inductance resistors such as carbon composition resistors. Wire-wound resistors, and some metal film resistors, have
too much inductance. C1 and C2 normally should be high-quality ceramic capacitors that are specifically
designed for high-frequency applications.
RF is used to provide a bias path to keep the EXTAL input in its linear range during crystal startup and its
value is not generally critical. Typical systems use 1 M
Ω to 10 MΩ. Higher values are sensitive to
humidity and lower values reduce gain and (in extreme cases) could prevent startup.
C1 and C2 are typically in the 5-pF to 25-pF range and are chosen to match the requirements of a specific
crystal or resonator. Be sure to take into account printed circuit board (PCB) capacitance and MCU pin
capacitance when sizing C1 and C2. The crystal manufacturer typically specifies a load capacitance which
is the series combination of C1 and C2 which are usually the same size. As a first-order approximation,
use 10 pF as an estimate of combined pin and PCB capacitance for each oscillator pin (EXTAL and
XTAL).
2.3.3
Reset
RESET is a dedicated pin with a pullup device built in. It has input hysteresis, a high current output driver,
and no output slew rate control. Internal power-on reset and low-voltage reset circuitry typically make
external reset circuitry unnecessary. This pin is normally connected to the standard 6-pin background