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LTC2497
2497fa
IN+
IN–
10k
INTERNAL
SWITCH
NETWORK
10k
CEQ
12F
10k
IIN–
REF+
IREF+
IIN+
IREF–
2497 F09
SWITCHING FREQUENCY
fSW = 123kHz INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
fSW = 0.4 fEOSC EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR
REF–
10k
100
INPUT
MULTIPLEXER
EXTERNAL
CONNECTION
100
MUXOUTP
ADCINP
EXTERNAL
CONNECTION
MUXOUTN
ADCINN
of charge is transferred. A simplified equivalent circuit is
shown in Figure 9.
When using the LTC2497’s internal oscillator, the input
capacitor array is switched at 123kHz. The effect of the
charge transfer depends on the circuitry driving the in-
put/reference pins. If the total external RC time constant
is less than 580ns the errors introduced by the sampling
process are negligible since complete settling occurs.
Typically, the reference inputs are driven from a low
impedance source. In this case, complete settling occurs
even with large external bypass capacitors. The inputs
(CH0-CH15, COM), on the other hand, are typically driven
from larger source resistances. Source resistances up
to 10k may interface directly to the LTC2497 and settle
completely; however, the addition of external capacitors
at the input terminals in order to filter unwanted noise
(antialiasing) results in incomplete settling.
The LTC2497 offers two methods of removing these
errors. The first is an automatic differential input current
cancellation (Easy Drive) and the second is the insertion
of an external buffer between the MUXOUT and ADCIN
pins, thus isolating the input switching from the source
resistance.
Figure 9. Equivalent Analog Input Circuit
I IN
V
R
AVG
IN CM
REF CM
EQ
+
( ) = ( ) =
–
(
)
(
)
.
0 5
II REF
V
R
AVG
REF
REF CM
IN CM
+
( ) ≈
+
(
)
1 5
0 5
.
–
.
(
)
(
)
EEQ
IN
REF
EQ
REF
REF CM
V
R
where
V
REF
V
–
:
(
2
=
+
))
–
,
=
=
+
+
+
REF
V
IN
IN WHERE IN AN
IN
2
DDIN ARE THE SELECTEDINPUT CHANNELS
V
IN
IN CM
+
=
(
)
––IN
=
W
2
R
2.98M INTERNAL OSCILLATOR
R
EQ
EEQ
12
EOSC
0.833 10
/f
EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR
=
(
)
Automatic Differential Input Current Cancellation
In applications where the sensor output impedance is
low (up to 10k
W with no external bypass capacitor or up
to 500
W with 0.001F bypass), complete settling of the
input occurs. In this case, no errors are introduced and
direct digitization is possible.
For many applications, the sensor output impedance
combined with external input bypass capacitors produces
RC time constants much greater than the 580ns required
for 1ppm accuracy. For example, a 10k
W bridge driving a
0.1F capacitor has a time constant an order of magnitude
greater than the required maximum.
The LTC2497 uses a proprietary switching algorithm
that forces the average differential input current to zero
independent of external settling errors. This allows direct
digitization of high impedance sensors without the need
for buffers.
The switching algorithm forces the average input current
on the positive input (IIN+) to be equal to the average input
current on the negative input (IIN–). Over the complete
conversion cycle, the average differential input current
(IIN+ – IIN–) is zero. While the differential input current is
applicaTions inForMaTion