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Application Information
(Continued)
AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN
Audio Amplifier Design: Driving 1W into an 8
Load
The following are the desired operational parameters:
Power Output:
Load Impedance:
Input Level:
Input Impedance:
Bandwidth:
1 W
RMS
8
1 V
RMS
20 k
100 Hz20 kHz
±
0.25 dB
The design begins by specifying the minimum supply voltage
necessary to obtain the specified output power. One way to
find the minimum supply voltage is to use the Output Power
vs Supply Voltage curve in the
Typical Performance Char-
acteristics
section. Another way, using Equation (10), is to
calculate the peak output voltage necessary to achieve the
desired output power for a given load impedance. To ac-
count for the amplifier’s dropout voltage, two additional volt-
ages, based on the Dropout Voltage vs Supply Voltage in the
Typical Performance Characteristics
curves, must be
added to the result obtained by Equation (10). The result is
Equation (11).
(8)
V
DD
≥
(V
OUTPEAK
+ (V
OD
TOP
+ V
OD
BOT
))
(9)
The Output Power vs Supply Voltage graph for an 8
load
indicates a minimum supply voltage of 4.6V. This is easily
met by the commonly used 5V supply voltage. The additional
voltage creates the benefit of headroom, allowing the
LM4843 to produce peak output power in excess of 1W
without clipping or other audible distortion. The choice of
supply voltage must also not create a situation that violates
of maximum power dissipation as explained above in the
Power Dissipation
section.
After satisfying the LM4843’s power dissipation require-
ments, the minimum differential gain needed to achieve 1W
dissipation in an 8
load is found using Equation (12).
(10)
Thus, a minimum overall gain of 2.83 allows the LM4843’s to
reach full output swing and maintain low noise and THD+N
performance.
The last step in this design example is setting the amplifier’s
6dB frequency bandwidth. To achieve the desired
±
0.25dB
pass band magnitude variation limit, the low frequency re-
sponse must extend to at least one-fifth the lower bandwidth
limit and the high frequency response must extend to at least
five times the upper bandwidth limit. The gain variation for
both response limits is 0.17dB, well within the
±
0.25dB
desired limit. The results are an
f
L
= 100Hz/5 = 20Hz
(11)
and an
f
H
= 20kHz x 5 = 100kHz
(12)
As mentioned in the
Selecting Proper External Compo-
nents
section, R
(Right & Left) and C
(Right & Left) create
a highpass filter that sets the amplifier’s lower bandpass
frequency limit. Find the input coupling capacitor’s value
using Equation (14).
C
i
≥
1/(2
π
R
i
f
L
)
(13)
The result is
1/(2
π
*
20k
*
20Hz) = 0.397μF
(14)
Use a 0.39μF capacitor, the closest standard value.
The product of the desired high frequency cutoff (100kHz in
this example) and the differential gain A
VD
, determines the
upper passband response limit. With A
VD
= 3 and f
H
=
100kHz, the closed-loop gain bandwidth product (GBWP) is
300kHz. This is less than the LM4843’s 3.5MHz GBWP. With
this margin, the amplifier can be used in designs that require
more differential gain while avoiding performance,restricting
bandwidth limitations.
Recommended Printed Circuit
Board Layout
Figure (6) through (10) show the recommended four-layer
PC
board
layout
that
is
LQ-packaged LM4843 and associated external components.
This circuit is designed for use with an external 5V supply
and 4
speakers.
This circuit board is easy to use. Apply 5V and ground to the
board’s V
and GND pads, respectively. Connect 4
speakers between the board’s OUTA and +OUTA and
OUTB and +OUTB pads.
optimized
for
the
24-pin
L
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