ISL59885
12
FN7442.8
October 31, 2011
Applications Information
Video In
An AC-coupled video signal is input to Video In pin 2 via C1,
nominally 0.1F. Clamp charge current prevents the signal on
pin 2 from going any more negative than Sync Tip Ref, about
1.5V. This charge current is nominally about 1mA. A clamp
discharge current of about 10A is always attempting to
discharge C1 to Sync Tip Ref; thus, charge is lost between sync
pulses that must be replaced during sync pulses. Droop voltage
can be calculated from It = CV, where V is the droop voltage, I is
the discharge current, t is the time between sync pulses (sync
period-sync tip width), and C is C1.
An NTSC video signal has a horizontal frequency of 15.73kHz
and a sync tip width of 4.7s. This gives a period of 63.6s and a
time of t = 58.9s. The droop voltage will then be V = 5.9mV. This
is less than 2% of a nominal sync tip amplitude of 286mV. The
charge represented by this droop is replaced in a time given by
t = CV/I, where I = clamp charge current = 5.3mA. Here,
t = 590ns, about 12% of the sync pulse width of 4.7s. It is
important that C1 be large enough that droop voltage does not
approach the switching threshold of the internal comparator.
Composite Sync
The composite sync output is simply a reproduction of the input
signal with the active video removed. The sync tip of the
composite video signal is clamped to 1.5V at pin 2 and then
slices at 70mV above the sync tip reference. The output signal is
buffered out to pin 1. When there is loss of sync, the composite
sync output is held low.
Vertical Sync
A low-going vertical sync pulse is output during the start of the
vertical cycle of the incoming video signal. The vertical cycle
starts with a pre-equalizing phase of pulses with a duty cycle of
about 93%, followed by a vertical serration phase that has a duty
cycle of about 15%. Vertical sync is clocked out of the ISL59885
on the first rising edge during the vertical serration phase. In the
absence of vertical serration pulses, a vertical sync pulse is
forced out after the vertical sync default delay time, which is
approximately 60s after the last falling edge of the vertical
equalizing phase.
Horizontal Sync
The horizontal block senses the leading edges of the composite
sync signal and generates horizontal pulses of nominal width
5.2s. Any half line pulses present in the input signal during
vertical blanking are removed with an internal 2H line eliminator
function that inhibits retriggering of horizontal output pulses until
70% of the line time is reached. Then, the horizontal output
operation is enabled again. Any signals present on the I/P signal
after the real H sync are ignored; thus, the horizontal output is
not affected by MacroVision copy protection. When there is a loss
of incoming composite sync, the horizontal sync output is held
high.
CSET
An external CSET capacitor is connected from CSET pin 6 to
ground. The CSET capacitor should be a X7R grade or better
because the Y5U general use capacitors may be too leaky and
cause faulty operation. The CSET capacitor should be very close
to the CSET pin to reduce possible board leakage. A setting of
page 13). The CSET capacitor rectifies a 5s pulse current and creates a voltage on CSET. The CSET voltage is converted to bias
current for HSYNC and VSYNC timing.
Chroma Filter
A chroma filter is suggested to increase the S/N ratio of the
incoming video signal. Use of the optional chroma filter is shown
in Figure
16. It can be implemented very simply and
inexpensively with a series resistor of 100 and a capacitor of
570pF, which gives a single pole roll-off frequency of about
2.79MHz during NTSC or PAL. This sufficiently attenuates the
3.58MHz (NTSC) or 4.43MHz (PAL) color burst signal, yet passes
the approximately 15kHz sync signals without appreciable
attenuation. During HDTV, the transistor turns off and a 100pF
capacitor is left to filter any noise present at the input. A chroma
filter will increase the propagation delay from the composite
input to the outputs.
HD-Detect
High definition video is flagged by HD going low when the input
horizontal frequency is greater than 25kHz.
ISL59885
0.1F
100
RF
CF2
470pF
VIDEO IN
CHROMA FILTER
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
HD
10k
MMBT3904
GND
VDD
CSET
CVIN
CSYNC
HOUT
VSYNC
CF
100pF
FIGURE 16. OPTIONAL CHROMA FILTER