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3
ICL8048 Detailed Description
The ICL8048 relies for its operation on the well known
exponential relationship between the collector current and
the base emitter voltage of a transistor:
For base emitter voltages greater than 100mV, Equation 1
becomes
From Equation 2, it can be shown that for two identical
transistors operating at different collector currents, the V
BE
difference (
V
BE
) is given by:
Referring to Figure 7 it is clear that the potential at the
collector of Q
2
is equal to the
V
BE
between Q
1
and Q
2
. The
output voltage is
V
BE
multiplied by the gain of A
2
:
The expression
25
o
C; thus in order to generate 1V/decade at the output, the
ratio (R
1
+ R
2
)/R
2
is chosen to be 16.9. For this scale factor
to hold constant as a function of temperature, the
(R
1
+ R
2
)/R
2
term must have a 1/T characteristic to
compensate for kT/q.
has a numerical value of 59mV at
In the ICL8048 this is achieved by making R
1
a thin film
resistor, deposited on the monolithic chip. It has a nominal
value of 15.9k
at 25
o
C, and its temperature coefficient is
FIGURE 3. SMALL SIGNAL BANDWIDTH vs INPUT
CURRENT
FIGURE 4. MAXIMUM ERROR VOLTAGE AT THE OUTPUT vs
INPUT CURRENT
FIGURE 5. MAXIMUM ERROR VOLTAGE AT THE OUTPUT vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
FIGURE 6. SMALL SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN vs INPUT
VOLTAGE FOR R
S
= 10k
Typical Performance Curves
(Continued)
INPUT CURRENT (A)
S
100K
10K
1K
100
10
10
-11
10
-9
10
-7
10
-5
10
-3
I
REF
= 1mA
INPUT CURRENT (A)
M
±
m
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
10
-9
10
-8
10
-7
10
-6
10
-5
10
-4
10
-3
8048BC (0
o
C TO 70
o
C)
8048BC (25
o
C)
M
±
m
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
8048BC (0
o
C TO 70
o
C)
8048BC (25
o
C)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0
100mV
1V
10V
R
IN
= 10k
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1mV
10mV
100mV
1V
10V
V
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
434
1000
4343
V
IN
=
V
/
V
V
OUT
log
10
e
V
IN
=
VOLTAGE GAIN =
R
IN
= 10k
V
IN
IC
ISexp
E
---------------
1
–
=
(EQ. 1)
IC
ISexp
---------------
=
(EQ. 2)
VBE
-2.303
q
------
×
log10
---------
=
(EQ. 3)
VOUT
-2.303
---------------------
+
kT
q
log10
--------------
=
(EQ. 4)
2.303
q
------
×
ICL8048